Fructose as a sweetener in foods is primarily used.
Currently sweetener widely used in the world there are more than 20 species, can be divided into the following categories:
A) monosaccharides, disaccharides, sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, xylose and other natural sugars.
2) oligosaccharides, mainly Isomaltooligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharides, galactose, lactulose, XOS, lactulose, raffinose, stachyose.
3) sugar alcohols include sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol, lactitol, erythritol, and xylitol.
4) chemical synthesis sweeteners, saccharin, cyclamate, aspartame, sucralose and the like.
These types of products has its own characteristics and advantages, there are also significant deficiencies. These shortcomings have limited their use. These disadvantages are:
A) monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, sugar alcohols low sweetness, to use a large amount equivalent sweetness.
2) high synthetic sweetener sweetness, but many products have a bitter taste and a metallic taste, taste impure, etc., need to add sweetness inhibitors and fillers.
3) biological stability oligosaccharides, sugar alcohols is poor. Synthetic sweeteners generally better stability, but there are no satisfactory place. If aspartame is not high temperature and acidic conditions, can not be used for a long time heating baked goods, many sweeteners can not be used for acidic foods.
4) Food hygroscopic sugar alcohols large, low viscosity, the impact of food processing, can not be used on dry solid foods.
5) difficult to absorb sugar alcohols, excessive intake can cause diarrhea or gastrointestinal discomfort, such as bloating, pain, belching, etc.
6) synthetic sweetener product safety remains in doubt.
7) oligosaccharide, sucralose, sugar alcohols, higher prices for some products.
In contrast, fructose combines the advantages of several types of sweeteners, is a good general-purpose sweetener.
1) high sweetness, with less, without adding special additives (synthetic sweeteners advantage)
2) its metabolic pathways and insulin-independent, human intake will not cause fluctuations in blood sugar and insulin levels advantage (sugar alcohols, chemical sweetener category)
3) fast metabolism in the liver, has a protective effect on the liver glycogen synthesis rapidly, can improve liver function, protect the liver (the advantages of oligosaccharides)
4) easy to tooth decay (the advantages of sugar alcohols occur)
5) natural sugars, green and safe (sugars, sugar alcohols, oligosaccharides advantages)
6) flavor taste good (some sugar alcohols, oligosaccharides advantages)
Fructose sweetness also has good synergy, can be mixed with other sweeteners. This synergistic mechanism mixed with other high-fructose sweetener sweetness of sugar in the chemical synthesis becomes more prominent. On the one hand can greatly enhance the sweetness sweeteners, on the other hand can reduce or eliminate sodium saccharin or aspartame and other undesirable bitter taste after taste
Ethoxyquin Msds
1, Ethoxyquin Ethoxyquin
Alias tiger spirit, antioxidant quinoline
Coding GB 17.010; INS 324
Light yellow to amber viscous liquid, long-term placement in light and air gradually becomes dark brown liquid, but does not affect its antioxidant effect, the boiling point of 134 ~ 136 ℃ (13.33Pa), the refractive index of 1.569 ~ 1.672, the relative density 1.029 ~ 1.031, insoluble in water, miscible with ethanol arbitrary.
Method of on – phenetidine iodine and acetone in the reaction catalyzed by ring closure system.
Identification of the product was dissolved in 10mL 1mg acetonitrile, which was strong fluorescence under short-wave UV light.
Toxicology
1. Mouse oral LD50 1680 ~ 18080mg/kg weight.
1470mg oral rat; kg body weight.
2. GRAS FDA-21CFR 172.140.
The use of preservatives, fruit preservative.
2 Precautions
(1) This product is mainly used for apples, pears Storage tiger prevention of disease. This product can be made of latex dipped fruit, liquid concentration 2 ~ 4g/kg, this product can also be applied to the wrapping paper made from fruit bag, add a plastic film bags made of fruit, or fruit boxes such as binding by its nature and fumigation work.
With effect (2) This product is also available with other preservatives.
2. Scope and usage
(1) China’s “food additives health standards” (GB 2760-1996) states: Fresh apple production may need to use the right amount of residual amount of 1mg/kg.
(2) Other countries: as antioxidants food, beverage, oil and pharmaceuticals, such as vitamin A, or be used in carotene allows stable performance. Applications can be maintained in food freshness and nutritional value of food, oil can not rancidity deterioration, preservation and storage of feed has a significant advantage, as the red hot pink color protection is also effective antioxidant amount of 0.1g / kg.
Ferrous sulphate (Ferrous sulfate) MSDS
Role and purpose
The system for iron, iron oxide pigments, mordant, water purifying agent, preservatives, disinfectants, etc.;
Medicine for anti-anemia drugs, blood agents and local convergence agent for chronic blood loss caused by uterine fibroids;
Analytical reagents and manufacturing ferrite materials;
Flocculation of ferrous sulfate can be used for water purification, and removal of phosphate from municipal and industrial wastewater to prevent eutrophication of water bodies;
A lot of ferrous sulfate is used as a reductant, mainly the reduction of chromate in cement;
As a feed additive iron supplements;
Can be used as agricultural pesticides, can prevent wheat smut, apples and pears scar scab, fruit rot; edible used as nutritional supplements, such as iron supplements, fruit and vegetable coloring agent.
Also be used as fertilizer, iron supplements as plants, control plants should occur physiological deficiency diseases, the plant leaf chlorosis. Can remove moss and lichens trunk. Manufacturing of magnetic iron oxide, iron oxide red and iron blue inorganic pigments, iron catalysts and materials poly ferric sulfate.
Oh used range from 5.5 to 9.6, the temperature has little effect on its flocculation. Applicable to large concentrations, strong alkaline water. Flocculation stability, rate of formation of floc fast, good flocculation. But more corrosive. Not only do flocculants, and widely used in industrial and agricultural production. It is a micronutrient fertilizer, has accelerated rice, sugar beet turn green, and in alkaline soil, and promote farm manure composting to improve the growing conditions of plants and so on. [1]
In addition, other reagents used for chromatographic analysis.
1, water treatment
Flocculation of ferrous sulfate for water purification, and removal of phosphate from municipal and industrial wastewater to prevent eutrophication of water bodies.
2, reducing
A lot of ferrous sulfate is used as a reductant, mainly the reduction of chromate in cement.
3, medicinal
Ferrous sulfate for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia; are also used in food with iron, long-term excessive use may cause abdominal pain, nausea and other side effects.
4, a coloring agent
a, iron gall ink and other inks used in the production of ferrous sulfate needs. Mordant dye wood also contain ferrous sulphate.
b, ferrous sulfate can be used to concrete stained yellow rust.
c, wood stained with ferrous sulfate to make maple silver color.
5 Agriculture
Adjust the soil pH, prompting the formation of chlorophyll (also known as iron fertilizer), can prevent iron deficiency caused by flowers and yellowing disease. Hi acidic cycads flowers, especially indispensable element.
Can be used as agricultural pesticides, can prevent wheat smut, apples and pears scar scab, fruit rot; also be used as fertilizer, can remove moss and lichens trunk. Manufacturing of magnetic iron oxide, iron oxide red and iron blue inorganic pigments, iron catalysts and materials poly ferric sulfate. Used as a topical astringent agents and blood tonic medicine. In addition, other reagents used for chromatographic analysis. Edible used as nutritional supplements, such as iron supplements, fruit and vegetable coloring agent. Feed-grade ferrous sulfate in feed processing as iron supplements
Usage:
①, 10 克 watered 4 to 5 pounds, foliar spray.
②, the normal growing season, 1 to 2 times per month.
③, disease prevention period, 10 to 15 days, for 2 to 3 times.
Dosage: 10 grams watered 7-9 pounds, watering basin, about 20 days.
Disease prevention and principles: Indications yellow disease, mainly in young leaves, before the beginning of mesophyll yellowing leaves on both sides after the central focus or brown spots appear tip; long time, leaves fall off.
6, other
a, horticulture using ferrous sulphate to kill moss.
b, after the 19th century, ferrous sulfate was used as a photographic developer Corot tincture law.
c, of brass contact with ferrous sulfate turbine condenser, a corrosion protective layer is generated on the inner surface of the tube.
DL-Malic acid Inspection
Specific rotation of this product, accurately weighed, dissolved in water and diluted per 1ml solution containing 0.2g of determination (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition of Appendix VIE) according to the law, the specific rotation of -0.10 ° ~ +0.10 ° .
Related substances as high performance liquid chromatography (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition two Appendix VD).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test with a sulfonic acid cation exchange resin as a filler, 0.005mol / L sulfuric acid solution as the mobile phase; detection wavelength of 210nm; column temperature was 37 ℃; take fumaric acid, maleic acid, DL – malic acid reference standard amount, plus the mobile phase and dilute 1ml each containing about fumarate 10μg, maleic acid 4μg, DL-malic acid solution 1mg as a system suitability solution, the precise amount of 20μl, injection liquid chromatograph, number of theoretical plates DL-malic acid peak of not less than 2000, the separation of fumaric acid and maleic acid, and DL-malic acid peaks should be required.
Determination to take this amount of goods, accurately weighed, add the mobile phase and diluted per 1ml solution containing about 1mg, as the test solution; Another reference amount of fumaric acid and maleic acid, accurately weighed with the mobile phase and dilute 1ml each containing fumaric 5μg, 2μg maleic acid solution as the reference solution. The precise amount of the two solutions of 20μl into the liquid chromatograph, record the chromatogram peak retention times to 4.5 times. For the test solution chromatogram if consistent time and fumaric acid and maleic acid peak retention peaks, the external standard method with peak area calculation, and its content should not exceed 1.0%, respectively, and 0.05%. Other single impurity peak area not more than the reference solution of maleic acid peak area of 0.5 times (0.1%); other impurities should not exceed the total amount of the reference solution of maleic acid peak area of 2.5 times (0.5%).
Clarity and color of solution of this product 5.0g, add water 25ml, fully shake to dissolve, the solution should be clear and colorless (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition two Appendix IX AB).
Water to remove the goods, according to determination of moisture content (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition two Appendix Ⅷ M), water containing not more than 2.0%.
Insoluble in water after taking this product 25.0g, add water 100ml dissolve, with constant weight at 100 ℃ 4 vertical melting crucible filtration, repeatedly washed with hot water filter at 100 ℃ drying to constant weight, no residue left over 0.1 %.
Easy oxides of this product 0.10g, set 100ml evaporating dish, add 25ml water and sulfuric acid solution (1 → 20) 25ml and shake to dissolve, set 20 ± 1 ℃ water bath cooling, 0.02mol / L potassium permanganate titration solution 5ml, color of the solution should not disappear within three minutes.
Chloride take this product 1.0g, according to inspection (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition of Appendix Ⅷ A), compared with standard control solution made of sodium chloride solution 5.0ml, not thicker (0.005%).
Sulfate take this product 1.0g, according to inspection (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition Appendix Ⅷ B), potassium sulfate solution 3.0ml comparison with the standard control solution made no thicker (0.03%).
Arsenic take this product 1.0 g, hydrochloric acid and water, 5ml 23ml, checking (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition Appendix Ⅷ J First Act) law, shall comply with the provisions of (0.0002%).
Residue on ignition not more than 0.1% (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition two Appendix Ⅷ N).
Heavy metals in this product 1.0g, sodium hydroxide solution 5ml and 20ml water to dissolve, according to inspection (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition two Appendix Ⅷ H Third Law), containing heavy metals must not exceed twenty millionths.
【Assay To about 1.0g, accurately weighed, set 250ml volumetric flask, dissolved in water and diluted to the mark, shake, the precise amount of 25ml, conical flask, add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution, with sodium hydroxide (0.1mol / L) titrated to fade microscopic red and hold for 30 seconds. Each 1ml of sodium hydroxide (0.1mol / L) is equivalent to 6.704mg of C4H6O5.
[Category] pharmaceutical excipients, acidifiers, antioxidants.
[Storage] shading, sealed and stored.
Dicalcium phosphate main purpose
1 as a fortifier (calcium) and leavening agents, our requirements can be used for biscuits, infant formula, the maximum usage is 1.0g/kg; also be used as quality improver for fermented flour products, according to production needs used in moderation.
2 as food and feed additives, to supplement livestock feed phosphorus, calcium.
3 food industry as a leavening agent for cookies, milk replacer, usage of the normal production needs. Also used for manufacturing bread yeast culture agent. Also used as a dough conditioner, nutritional supplements. Can be used as feed additives to complement poultry, livestock feed phosphorus and calcium.
4 is used as an auxiliary poultry feed, can promote feed digestion, the poultry weight gain to increase meat production, milk production, egg production, while also treating rickets livestock, rickets, anemia psychosis.
5 is used as analytical reagents, plastic stabilizer, food and feed additives, but also for the glass industry.
D-Mannose Test methods
A.1 General requirements
Unless otherwise stated, the analysis using only the reagents were of analytical grade and recognized GB / T 6682-2008 specified water. Analysis in the standard titration solution, impurities measured by standard solution, preparations and products, while other requirements not specified, according to GB T 601, GB / T 602, the provisions of the preparation / GB / T 603 used. The test used in the preparation of the solution does not indicate what kind of solvent used, refer to the aqueous solution. A.2 Identification Test
A.2.1 weighed amount of sample, the sample solution prepared 13.3mg/mL, 3mL sample was weighed, placed in a 15mL tube, prepared at concentrations latest 3mL of 100 mg / mL solution of catechol, mixed uniform. Then add 6mL sulfuric acid, and mix. The tube is heated in the flame slowly 30s, was dark pink or red wine.
A.2.2 D-mannitol in the determination of the test, the peak retention time and peak chromatogram of the standard solution of the sample liquid chromatographic retention time consistent with FIG.
A.3 D-mannitol Determination A.3.1 A.3.1.1 reagents and materials sorbitol standards. A.3.1.2 D-mannitol standard. A.3.2 instruments and equipment
HPLC: equipped with a differential refractive index detector, or other equivalent detector. A.3.3 reference chromatographic conditions
A.3.3.1 Column: 10cm × 7.8mm column packing L34 (U.S. Bio-Rad Laboratories), or equivalent thereof; or other equivalent column.
A.3.3.2 mobile phase: degassed water. A.3.3.3 column temperature: (50 ± 2) ℃, constant temperature. A.3.3.4 detector temperature: 35 ℃. A.3.3.5 mobile phase flow rate: approximately 0.7mL/min. A.3.3.6 injection volume: about 10μL.
A.3.3.7 relative retention time of sorbitol is 0.6, the relative retention time of D-mannitol is 1.0. A.3.4 analysis step
A.3.4.1 Preparation of the solution separated
Weighed amount of standard sorbitol and D-mannitol standard, were prepared at a concentration of 4.8mg / g of sorbitol solution and D-mannitol was added.
A.3.4.2 Preparation of the standard solution
Weighed amount of D-mannitol standard, formulated at a concentration of 4.8mg / g of D-mannitol standard solution. A.3.4.3 Preparation of test solution
Weighed amount of sample, prepared at a concentration of 5 mg / g of the sample solution. System suitability test A.3.4.4
A.3.4.4.1 adaptability 1
Solution for chromatography separation, sorbitol and D-mannitol separation R ≥ 2.0. A.3.4.4.1 adaptability 2
Chromatographic analysis of the standard solution, the results of repeated injections of the relative standard deviation of the detected ≤ 2.0%.
A.3.4.5 Determination
In A.3.3 reference chromatographic conditions, respectively, the standard solution and the sample solution was measured, the injection volume was 10 μL, repeat injections once, calculate its main peak response average.
A.3.5 calculated results
The content of D-mannitol by the formula X1 (A.1) calculated: () () w
rrCCXSUUS – × × = 10010000 1 …………………………… (A.1)
The formula:
X1 – sample D-mannitol content,%;
CS – concentration of the standard units of milligrams per gram (mg / g); CU – the concentration of the sample solution, in milligrams per gram (mg / g); rU – the main sample liquid chromatogram peak response mean; rS – standard solution chromatogram main peak response mean;
w – Loss on drying the sample measured in units of grams per hundred grams (g/100g). The results parallel arithmetic mean of the measurement results shall prevail.
A.4 pH measurement
Weighed amount of sample, the preparation of the mass fraction of 10% of the sample solution, the solvent is carbon dioxide-free water and then measured with a pH meter pH.
A.5 Determination of reducing sugars
3.3g sample was accurately weighed, was added 25mL of water in the sample was slowly dissolved by heating. The solution was cooled, added to 20mL of test solution and an alkaline copper citrate few glass beads. The solution was heated, 4min The solution began to boil and keep boiling 3min. After rapid cooling, dilute acetic acid test solution and 100mL 20.0mL0.025mol / L iodine titration [Note: The dilution 0.05mol / L iodine titration solution 1:1 with water]. Shaking side solution, the mixed solution was added 25mL (6mL hydrochloric acid and 94mL of water). When the precipitate was dissolved with 0.05mol / L sodium thiosulfate solution [NOTE: 0.1mol / L sodium thiosulfate solution diluted with water 1:1] titration of excess iodine. At the endpoint, adding 2mL starch test solution, as the display agent. 0.05mol / L sodium thiosulfate solution required for the titration volume ≥ 12.8mL.
citric acid anhydrous MSDS
Basic Information
English name: Citri Acid Anhydrous, citric acid anhydrous bp, citric acid anhydrous
MF: C6H8O7
MW: 192.1
2 Properties
Colorless translucent crystals or white granules or white crystalline powder, often containing molecule crystal water, odorless, very sour taste, soluble in water, alcohol and ether. Calcium salt easily soluble in hot water than in cold water, the nature of the citric acid used to identify and isolate. Suitable crystallization temperature control obtained anhydrous citric acid. Acidic aqueous solution. In dry air, slight weathering, deliquescence in moist air. Above 175 ℃ decomposition of water and carbon dioxide release.
Properties: The relative density of 1.542, melting point 153 ℃ (dehydration), the refractive index of 1.493 ~ 1.509, the critical temperature of the solution crystallization 36.6 ℃ (36.6 ℃ above the crystallization of anhydrous citric acid, the following 36.6 ℃ crystallization of citric acid monohydrate).
3 Uses
Mainly for the food and beverage industry as a sour agent, acidity regulator, flavoring agents and preservatives, preservative. Also the chemical industry, cosmetics industry and the industry as a washing antioxidants, plasticizers, detergents
4 Storage
Storage dark, sealed, dry and cool place.
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Calcium Formate main purpose
1 as a new feed additives. Hey Calcium weight gain, with calcium formate feed additive for piglets, pigs can promote appetite and reduce diarrhea rates. Add 1% to 1.5% calcium formate in piglets weaned can significantly improve performance. German study found that adding 1.3% calcium formate in weanling pig diets can improve feed conversion rate of 7% to 8%, adding 0.9 percent to reduce the incidence of diarrhea in piglets. Zheng Jianhua (1994) added to the 28-day-old weaned piglets diets 1.5% Calcium, feeding 25d, ADG improved by 7.3%, feed conversion ratio improved to 2.53%, protein and energy utilization increased by 10.3% and 9.8%, a significant reduction in diarrhea in piglets. Wu Star (2002) in crossbred weanling pig diets supplemented with 1% calcium formate, daily gain increased by 3%, feed conversion rate increased by 9%, diarrhea was reduced by 45.7%. Additional Note: The use of calcium formate effective before and after weaning, it is because their secretion of hydrochloric acid in piglets with age strengthened; Calcium contains 30% easily absorbed calcium in the diet should pay attention to the preparation of calcium and phosphorus adjust ratio.
2 used in the building. Quick coagulant for cement, lubricants, early strength agent. For building mortar with a variety of concrete, cement accelerate the curing speed, shorten the setting time, especially in the winter construction, to avoid condensation at low temperatures too slow. Fast release, to improve the strength of cement into use as early as possible. Calcium Uses: Various dry mortar, a variety of concrete, wear-resistant materials, flooring industry, feed industry, tanning. Calcium and attention to issues involved in dosage per ton of dry mortar, concrete amount of about 0.5 to 1.0%, the maximum dosage of 2.5%. Calcium dosage is decreased as the temperature gradually increased, even if the application amount of 0.3-0.5% in the summer, and will play a significant early strength
3. Domestic and international market research showed that adding 1% to 1.5% calcium formate in piglets weaned can significantly improve performance. German study found that adding 1.3% calcium formate in weanling pig diets can improve feed conversion rate of 7% to 8%, adding 0.9 percent to reduce the incidence of diarrhea in piglets.
ASPARTAME Features
Advantage
1981 by the U.S. FDA approved for food sprinkle dry, allowing the preparation of soft drinks in 1983 after more than 100 countries worldwide and has been approved for use in the region, 180 times as sweet as sucrose. Aspartame advantages are as follows:
(1) Security clear, is listed as GRAS grade so-called United Nations Committee on Food Additives (generally recognized as safe), for all the sugar substitute in the most thorough research on human security products, has been in more than 100 countries around the world more than 6000 kinds of products in the 19 years of successful experience.
(2) pure sweetness, and sucrose have very similar refreshing sweet, no bitter after taste and a metallic taste, is by far the closest to the successful development of sweetness of sucrose sweeteners. Aspartame is 180 times the sweetness of sucrose in a small number of applications can only achieve the desired sweetness, the use of aspartame instead of sugar in the food and beverage, and can significantly reduce the heat does not cause dental caries .
(3) mixed with sugar or other sweetener use of synergies, such as 2% to 3% in the saccharin can significantly mask the bad taste of saccharin.
(4) mixed with flavors, with excellent efficiency, especially for acidic oranges, lemons, grapefruit, etc., can make a lasting flavor, reduce the amount of air freshener.
(5) protein components, which can be naturally absorbed by the body decomposed.
Shortcoming
(1), acid, alkali poor thermal stability, strong acid or alkali hydrolyzed by heating at a high temperature is easy to produce bitter phenylalanine or di winded cefoperazone, inappropriate manufacturing temperature> 150 ℃ bread, biscuits, cakes and other baked goods and high-acid foods.
(2) Because aspartame decomposed in the gastrointestinal tract of the human enzyme phenylalanine, aspartic acid and methanol, the urine does not apply to patients with phenylketonuria require on the label marked “acetone, benzene in urine of patients should not use “warning. China approved in 1986 in food applications, commonly used in dairy products, candy, chocolate, chewing gum, table-top sweeteners, health food, pickles and cold products.
Its decomposition ingredient hazards:
Aspartame in the human body, the material is broken down into three categories: methanol (methanol, 10%) (highly toxic, blindness), day (gate) aspartate (asparticacid, 40%), and phenylalanine (phenylalanine, 50%). (Brain precipitation)
A methanol (methanol):. Methanol is a neurotoxin (neurotoxin) blinding, which in turn is broken down into formaldehyde (formaldehyde, a carcinogen), formaldehyde is absorbed (Source for a variety of body tissues: West a dental research, and study 2). Is oxidized to formaldehyde and then formic acid (formicacid, also known as formic acid) (Source). (Note: formic acid is a toxin secreted by the red imported fire ants or bees, ants bite or sting through to make defense and attack).
2 days (door) aspartate (asparticacid): It is an irritant toxin (excito-toxin), will stimulate nerve cells to death (Source). (Note: In the natural food aspartic acid, the molecules (molecules) are linked in their 彵 protein, so it will not as in diet soft drinks, have an impact to stimulate nerve cells to death.
3 Phe (phenylalanine):. Natural food which is an amino acid (amino-acid). However, stand-alone form, phenylalanine up to 15% in persons allergic to it, causing spasms (seizure), and convulsions (convulsion), and not the amount consumed (in English sources, and footnotes 1). In addition, phenylalanine can cause permanent brain damage and even death, especially a lot of eating, or during pregnancy. In the 1972 study, eating aspartame (Report Code SC-18862) monkey infants, convulsions and death.
Note: high blood pressure, urine acid (formicacid) and alanine (alanine, an amino acid), the level will be higher. One possible explanation is that these people are drinking a lot of sodas containing aspartame, and cause high blood pressure, and high levels of aspartame metabolites.