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Many solid tissue neoplasms also have a predisposition to metastasize to the marrow, including breast and prostate cancers (PCa).17 Multiple factors are involved in the metastatic spread of neoplasms to the marrow. Potentially these tumor cells have the ability to respond to niche localization signals that promote extravasation from primary sites as well as the cheap oakleys preferential adhesion to bone marrow endothelium. In addition, the niche may add to or participate in the selection of malignant clones that facilitate the adaptation of cancer cells to grow within bone marrow microenvironments.17, 18 On the basis of our studies relating to the HSCs homing, we have recently reported the significant role of the chemokine CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12 or SDF 1)/its major receptor CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis on the bone metastasis of Pca.19, 20, 21, 22, 23 Although the mechanisms of bone metastasis are still unclear, the CXCL12/CXCR4 chemokine axis is likely to play a significant role in regulating the bone metastasis of solid neoplasms.

Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate

1 Introduction
English name : potassium pyrophosphate
English Name : Diphosphoric acid, tetrapotassium salt; Potassium Pyrophosphate; Tetra-Potassium Pyrophosphate; TKPP; Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate;  tetrapotassium diphosphate; diphosphoric acid, monopotassium salt
Formula : K4P2O7
Molecular Weight : 330.33
Specification: Industrial Grade : meet ZB/TG12006-88;
Food Grade : meet FAO / WHO, 1980; customer requirements
Packing: 25Kg double plastic woven bags ; customer requirements
Uses : industry for non-cyanide plating , surface treatment , high-grade detergents, paints , detergents , dispersants , buffers
Etc. ; food grade emulsifiers used in food processing , texture improving agents , chelating agents, quality -improving agent
2 Product Description
Also known as potassium pyrophosphate , potassium pyrophosphate, four white powder or a solid block . The relative density of 2.534 . Melting point 1109 ° C. Dissolved in water , the solubility 187g/100g water (25 ° C). Alkaline aqueous solution , 1% aqueous solution pH = 10.2. Insoluble in ethanol. Properties similar to other polyphosphates .
Dipotassium hydrogen melt loss of water molecules in the system at room temperature as a white crystalline powder or granules , have a strong moisture absorption in the air , easily soluble in water , but insoluble in ethanol , aqueous solution is alkaline, inhibition of food spoilage , fermentation action of a 1% aqueous solution of about pH 10.5,25 ℃ when 100g of water solubility of potassium pyrophosphate 187g, acid or alkaline hydrolysis into a solution of potassium phosphate is mixed with water to form a viscous slurry is . Condensed phosphates in combination with other more , e.g. 10% by potassium pyrophosphate , sodium pyrophosphate, 10% , 30% potassium tripolyphosphate , 30% sodium polyphosphate , sodium metaphosphate, 20% of the ratio formed ham, sausage bond agent , commonly used to prevent struvite produced canned fish , canned fruit to prevent discoloration , swelling of improving ice cream , the extraction amount of the raw coffee , ham, sausage yield, enhanced fish water holding capacity and improve the taste of noodles and increase yield , cheese prevent aging , in order to secure a smooth plating layer , the plating liquid formulation of industrial production are often very complex. Previously used as a complexing agent for the preparation of cyanide plating solution . However, due to the CN- toxic , electroplating workers’ health is very damaging , while the CN- containing wastewater emissions , emissions are also serious environmental pollution. So now the main use of non-cyanide plating plating , and this alternative cyanide complexing agent is potassium pyrophosphate .
All properties of potassium pyrophosphate with other polymeric phosphate , and sodium pyrophosphate similar, but larger solubility , energy and alkaline earth metals and heavy metal ion chelation occurred ; hard water with Ca2 +, Mg2 + in order to form a stable complex soften hard water , improving the ability to wash , to remove dirt . Also in the iron, lead , zinc, aluminum and other metal surface to form a protective film ; pyrophosphate ions (P2O74-) for finely divided solid dispersion having a strong ability to promote the fine , homogeneous mixing of trace substances . Low iron -based high-purity potassium pyrophosphate pH buffering capacity with a stable , long-term to maintain the pH value of the solution .
3 Preparation
And calcination of 30% food-grade phosphoric acid and is added to the slowly adding food grade potassium hydroxide solution under stirring and the reaction , pH control is preferably 8.4 , after the reaction solution was heated and added active carbon , insoluble matter was removed by filtration , the clear filtrate was heated to 120 ~ 124 ℃ and concentrated by evaporation , after cooling to 20 ℃ precipitated crystals were separated by centrifugation to obtain a dipotassium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate and heated to 120 ~ 130 ℃ removal of crystal water, becomes as dipotassium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous , add it to the calciner at 500 ~ 600 ℃ calcined polymerization by cooling , THF was prepared food products.
H3PO4 +2 KOH → K2HPO4 +2 H2O
2K2HPO4 = heat = K4P2O7 + H2O
Prepared THF finished with 0.1 mol / L silver nitrate when the reaction solution to precipitate the yellow silver orthophosphate did not appear to pass.
4 Technical Requirements
Appearance : White powder or lumps
2 Industrial potassium pyrophosphate should meet the requirements of Table 1 (ZB/TG12006-88)
Project Index
Premium grade First grade Qualified
Naphthalene (K4P2O7) phosphoric acid content ,% ≥ 96.0 95.0 94.0
Iron (Fe) content ,% ≤ 0.03 0.05 0.10
Water insoluble matter ,% ≤ 0.10 0.20 0.25
PH value ( 1% solution ) 10.0-10.7
Orthophosphate meet the test
3 food additive potassium pyrophosphate should comply with the requirements in Table 2 (FAO / WHO, 1980)
Project Index
Food Grade
THF (K4P2O7) content ,% ≥ 95.0
Content % ≤ 0.5 Loss on ignition
Water insoluble matter ,% ≤ 0.2
Arsenic (As) content ,% ≤ 0.0003
Heavy metals ( Pb) content ,% ≤ 0.002
Fluoride ( F ) content ,% ≤ 0.001
Lead ( Pb) content ,% ≤ 0.001
4 with potassium pyrophosphate plating shall comply with the requirements in Table 3 (HG/T3591-1999)
Project Index
THF (K4P2O7) content ,% ≥ 98.0
Iron (Fe) content % ≤ 0.01
Water insoluble matter ,% ≤ 0.10
PH value (10g / L aqueous solution ) 10.5 ± 0.5
Lead ( Pb) content ,% ≤ 0.003
Hull cell test (DK ≥ 10A/dm2 under plating ) qualified
5 shows
K4P2O7 · 3H2O colorless crystals or white powder. Hygroscopic in the air. Density 2.33 . Loss of two molecules of water of crystallization at 180 ℃ , the loss of all the crystal water at 300 ℃ . Nature and sodium pyrophosphate similar, but larger solubility . Soluble in water, soluble in ethanol. For tin, stained , clay and other refined . Dipotassium hydrogen melt loss of water molecules in the system.
CAS No:. 7320-34-5
6 Purpose
As emulsifiers, texture improving agents , chelating agents in the food industry , but also for the raw pasta with lye . Multi- condensed phosphates in combination with other commonly used to prevent struvite produce canned fish , fruits prevent discoloration ; increase the degree of swelling of ice cream , ham, sausage yield, ground fish holding capacity ; improve food taste and improve surface was rate, to prevent the cheese aging.

Povidone iodine (PVPI)

Basic information
【Common name】 povidone- iodine solution povidone-iodine ( iodine naloxone ) PVP is the English abbreviation for Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone , Chinese name: polyvinylpyrrolidone, is a high performance , versatile sub- soluble compounds, the series Our products are widely used in textile printing and dyeing , pharmaceutical, cosmetics, beverages , adhesives, synthetic resins, detergents, paints, coatings, electronic information materials , bio- engineering materials and water treatment and other fields.
[English name] : Povidone Iodine (PVP Iodine)
[Alias] : Eric , easy speed net , Peavy iodine, pyrrolidone acid, povidone-iodine iodine ; iodine attached ; iodine naloxone ; povidone – iodine ; povidone iodine ; povidone iodine ; polyethylene iodine ; Peavy iodine ; iodine Los ketone ; solid iodine ; povidone-iodine ; Dikang Litai
[ Formula ] : C6H9I2NO (“l” on behalf of the iodine atom )
2 Indications
For suppurative dermatitis, fungal skin infection , a small area of mild burns , but also for a small area of ​​the skin, mucous membrane wound disinfection.
3 Dosage
Can be used for skin disinfection, disinfection of skin and mucous membranes trauma , chronic sore throat , mouth ulcers.
4 pharmacological effects
This product sterilization preservatives, for a variety of bacteria , spores , viruses , fungi and other role in the killing . Its mechanism of action is the product after contact with the wound or lesion, can release free iodine depolymerization play a bactericidal effect . Organization is characterized by irritation , applied to the skin , mucous membrane infections. Can be used in a small area of ​​the skin, mucous membrane wound disinfection.
5 Pharmaceutical Analysis
Method name: povidone-iodine – Determination of povidone iodine – potentiometric titration
Application: This method uses potentiometric titration of iodine povidone-iodine (I) levels .
This method is suitable for the determination of povidone iodine (I) iodine content .
Principle of the method : the test sample add water and stir to dissolve, according to potentiometric titration ( Appendix Ⅶ A), with sodium thiosulfate solution (0.1mol / L) titration , each 1mL sodium thiosulfate solution (0.1mol / L) equivalent to 12.69mg of I.
Reagents: (1) water ( boiling placed to room temperature )
2 sodium thiosulfate solution (0.1mol / L)
3 . Anhydrous sodium carbonate
4 KI
5 benchmark dichromate
6 . Starch indicator solution
7 . Dilute sulfuric acid
Equipment:
Sample Preparation: 1 sodium thiosulfate solution (0.1mol / L)
Preparation: 26g anhydrous sodium thiosulfate 0.20g, add boiling over cold water amount to dissolve into 1000mL, shake , place one month after filtration.
Calibration: dried to constant weight at 120 ℃ baseline potassium dichromate 0.15g, accurately weighed, set the iodine bottle , add water to dissolve 50mL , add potassium iodide 2.0g, gently shake to dissolve , add dilute sulfuric acid 40mL, shake , Mesa, in the dark for 10 minutes, diluted with water 250mL , when using the droplet to near the end , add the starch indicator solution 3mL, continue titration to the disappearance of the blue and visible light green , and titration with blank test correction . Each 1mL sodium thiosulfate solution (0.1mol / L) is equivalent to 4.903mg potassium dichromate . According to the amount of consumption of the liquid taken with potassium dichromate , calculate the concentration of the solution.
When room temperature over 25 ℃, the reaction solution should be diluted with water to cool to about 20 ℃.
2 starch indicator solution
Take soluble starch 0.5g, add water , stir 5mL , slowly pour boiling water into the 100mL , with the added with stirring and continue to boil for 2 minutes , let cool, pour supernatant , that was the solution should be Pro with the new .
3 . Dilute sulfuric acid
Sulfate 57mL, diluted with water to 1000mL.
Procedure : To about 1g, accurately weighed, set the beaker , add water 120mL, stir to dissolve, according to potentiometric titration ( Appendix Ⅶ A), with sodium thiosulfate solution (0.1mol / L) titration , each 1mL sodium thiosulfate solution (0.1mol / L) is equivalent to 12.69mg of I.
Note 1: ” Precision Weigh ” means to check the weight should be accurately referred to take the weight of one-thousandth , ” precise amount ” means to measure the accuracy of the volume should be in line with national standards for the volume pipettes accuracy.
Note 2: ” Moisture ” by drying method, take the test 2 ~ 5g, spread on drying to constant weight , flat, said bottle, no thicker than 5mm, osteoporosis test does not exceed 10mm, accurately weighed , open the bottle at 100 ~ 105 ℃ dried for 5 hours , the cap cover , remove the dryer to cool for 30 minutes, accurately weighed, weight , and then dried in the above temperature for 1 hour, cooled and weighed to twice weighing less than 5mg difference so far . According to weight loss , calculated in the test water content ( % ) .
References: People’s Republic of China , the State Pharmacopoeia Commission Code , Chemical Industry Press , 2005 edition, two , p.823.
6 role and use Edit
Strong broad-spectrum disinfectant against viruses , bacteria , fungi and mold spores have a strong role in the killing . This product is irritating to the skin , low toxicity , lasting effect . Safe and convenient. The basic non-irritating to the organization , for disinfection of the skin and mucous membranes , such as washing before surgery , surgical site and wound disinfection.
Povidone iodine, a 10% solution generally used as a disinfectant . Effectively kill : Newcastle disease, IBD , avian influenza, Mycoplasma , E. coli, salmonella , flu, blue ear disease. Parasite eggs can kill livestock , and can inhibit the breeding of mosquitoes and other insects . And can be used for fruit trees , crops, fish farming them .
7 Features
1 , the compound is a PVP-Ⅰ efficient new disinfectant antiseptic agents, 0.7% to 10 % solution in water to release the 1.8 ~ 24 ppm free iodine by the microbial oxidation of the latter from the killing effect on bacterial killing effect than Xianbi Tai , and has some lethal bacterial spores . Candida albicans drug , showed a significant role in the killing golden grapes bacteria, E. coli, Bacillus subtilis ; against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans sterilization time with the same concentration of compound iodine solution , iodine is similar, but only toxicity for 1 /4 to 1 /9. Compound PVP-Ⅰ toxic side effects, low price, the skin has a protective function of the mucous membrane , which was superior to anti- STD Jieeryin and aqueous potassium permanganate .
2 , in the solvent gradually release iodine , play the role of a sustained release , in order to maintain a longer sterilizing time . Mechanism of its strong sterilizing pathogens puree oxidation activity of the protein group , and capable of binding to denatured protein and amino group , thereby effectively kill bacteria, spores, fungi, protozoa, viruses and other pathogens . Has a strong bactericidal bactericidal wide range of stimulating small , stained yellow light , easy to clean, no allergic reactions and other characteristics.
3 , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Candida albicans and other hundreds of species of bacteria , viruses and other rapid killing effect. The product is the preferred disinfectant antiseptic drugs currently used for domestic and foreign direct human skin , mucous membranes .
4 , due to the gradual decomposition of the free iodine and work. 80 % – 90 % of the binding free depolymerization iodine iodine pathogen directly in protein denaturation , precipitation, resulting in the death of the pathogen cells to achieve efficient sterilization purposes. Which is characterized by strong bactericidal , low toxicity, and is a broad-spectrum fungicide that can kill viruses , bacteria, spores, fungi and protozoa . Against Staphylococcus aureus , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Treponema pallidum , hepatitis B virus , HIV , Trichomonas vaginalis and others have a strong role in the killing .
5 , topical skin can cause allergic reactions, skin and mucous membrane irritation. Severe burns or large areas of skin exfoliation can cause systemic adverse reactions , such as metabolic acidosis, hypernatremia and renal damage, allergic to iodine , burns covering more than 20% , should not topical application , suffering from non- toxic thyroid tumors NA jelly , pregnant women and newborns should be used with caution large area . Children under 4 years of age is not recommended.
6 , broad spectrum bactericidal , fungicidal and strong, able to directly kill bacteria, fungi , viruses , spores and protozoa . Sterilization speed , most bacteria can kill within 30 seconds , five minutes is sufficient for an individual to kill bacteria . No stimulation of the skin and mucous membranes , can be used to disinfect and treat the body cavity , mucosa and ulcers . Non-toxic. Difficult to make microbes resistant , easy to allergic reactions . Use durable , good stability, long storage period . Soluble in water , easy to clean , no pollution or damage to the fabric and other items .
7 , the product acts as efficient gynecological sterilization products, its pH and vaginal similar, mild , diluted according to the instructions ( warm water ) after the effective capacity of 300ppm iodine , more than bactericidal concentrations 10-20 times , after washing can effectively kill within a variety of pathogenic microorganisms.
8 Use the
1 thermometer disinfection : 3 % concentration soaked for more than 30min , after removing 75% ethanol can be placed in the back , can also be rinsed with sterile water or cold water into the sterile container after use.
2 kinds of glassware disinfection : Available 2% to 3 % concentration soak 1 ~ 2h, due to the effect of having a wash , facilitate cleaning . For items such as carbon steel and aluminum products such as scalpel blades corrosive , not long-term immersion other metal instrument sterilization .
3 skin disinfection : 1 % to 3% scrubbing 2min, as a surgical hand disinfection before or infectious room, infectious disease specialist outpatient medical staff hand disinfection.
4 hot treatment , burn : 0.5 % solution , sprayed on the wound every 12h 1 until eschar separation so far.
5 , routine health care : for bacterial , fungal , trichomonas vaginitis , cervicitis, cervical erosion treatment. For the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD), such as gonorrhea , syphilis, AIDS. Intercourse before and after menstruation clean the vagina . Gynecological surgery sterilization , disinfection before vaginal childbirth .

Silica gel

In general, the silicone can be divided according to their nature and composition of organic and inorganic silicone silicone two categories. Shape into its component silicone extrusion and molded silicone .
Inorganic silica is a highly active adsorption material , usually with sodium silicate and sulfuric acid , and after a series of aging process , acid bulbs , etc.

Obtained. An amorphous silica material , its chemical formula is mSiO2. nH2O. Insoluble in water and any solvent , non-toxic , odorless , chemically stable, does not react with any substance except alkali, hydrofluoric acid . Various types of silica are formed in different manufacturing methods of different pore structure . Chemical composition and physical structure of silica gel , and determines that it has many other similar materials difficult to replace characteristics: high adsorption properties, good thermal stability, chemical stability, high mechanical strength.
Silicone is an organosilicon compound containing a Si-C bond means , and at least one organic group is directly bonded to silicon atoms compound , and those on the regular habits through an oxygen , sulfur, and nitrogen, the organic silicon group compound atom is attached as an organic silicon compound . Among them, the silicon- oxygen bond (-Si-O-Si-) for the skeleton consisting of silicones, silicone compounds are the most numerous , most studies , the most widely used class of more than 90% of the total amount .
Extruded silicone relatively common , such as household electric cooker ring , called the rice cooker silicone seals .
Molded silicone bit more complicated , irregular shape, including silicone bowls, silicone ice tray , silicone bakeware and more.
Inorganic silicone
About inorganic silicone
Name: Silicone
Alias: silica gel or silicic acid gel
Name : Silica gel; Silica
MF : xSiO2 · yH2O
Weight: 60.08
CAS Registry Number : CAS # 112926-00-8
EINECS No. :231 -545-4
Word explanation : Chemical Formula xSio 2 · yH2O. Transparent or white granular solid . Has an open porous structure , strong adsorption, can absorb a variety of substances. Dilute sulfuric acid ( or hydrochloric acid ) in an aqueous solution of sodium silicate and allowed to stand , it will become hydrous silicate gel and solid-state technology . Washed with water electrolyte dissolved therein remove Na + and SO4 2 – (Cl-) ions, a silica gel can be dried . As absorb moisture , moisture is about 40% . For gas drying , gas absorption, liquid dewatering , color layer , but also used as catalysts. Such as cobalt chloride , dry blue, and red absorption . Repeated use of renewable .
Safety performance
The main ingredient is silica, silica gel , chemically stable , does not burn . Silica gel is an amorphous silica dust content of the workshop should be controlled less than 10 mg / cubic meter, the need to enhance ventilation, wear a mask when operating .
Silicone has a strong adsorption capacity, can produce human skin drying effect , therefore , the operation should wear good clothes. If the silicone into the eyes , flush with lots of water and seek medical treatment as soon as possible .
Blue silicone because it contains small amounts of cobalt chloride , toxic, should avoid contact and inhalation of the mouth and food , such as the occurrence of poisoning should immediately seek medical treatment.
Silica in the course of the medium due to the adsorption of water vapor or other organic substances , the adsorption capacity decreased after regeneration can be reused.
Security terms :. S22 Do not breathe dust Do not breathe dust.
Silicone regeneration
A reproduction after absorbing silica
Silica gel adsorption of water , thermal desorption way through the water to remove heat in different ways , such as electric heaters , heating and hot flue heat drying . Desorption temperature control in heating 120 – 180 ℃ is appropriate, for the blue gel indicator , color gel , DL -type blue silicone control at 100 – 120 ℃ appropriate. The maximum temperature of various industrial silicone regeneration should not exceed the following limits :
Coarse pore silica shall not exceed 600 ℃;
Pore ​​silica shall not exceed 200 ℃;
Blue plastic indicator agent ( or color gel ) shall not exceed 120 ℃;
Silica-alumina gel shall not exceed 350 ℃.
Silicone regeneration , the general control 2% moisture or less back into use .
Renewable two , silica gel adsorption of organic impurities
⒈ roasting method
For coarse -pored silica gel , gradually warming up to 500 can be placed within the roaster – 600 ℃, after about 6-8 hours to

Particles can be white or brown . Of silica gel pores , the firing temperature should not exceed 200 ℃.
⒉ rinsing method
After the silica gel in the saturated water vapor adsorption heat saturated water immersion rinsing detergent to remove oils or other organic impurities can be combined , dried and then dehydrated by washing water .
⒊ solvent flushing method
According to silica gel adsorption of organic species , the choice of an appropriate solvent adsorbed organic matter dissolved in the silica , silica gel is then heated to remove the solvent .
Third, the silicone should pay attention to the problem of regeneration
⒈ drying regeneration should be careful to gradually raise the temperature , so as not to cause severe drying particles burst, lower recoveries .
⒉ silicone baking for regeneration when the temperature is too high will cause changes in the pore structure of silica gel adsorption effect of significantly reducing the impact value. For blue or discoloration silica gel indicator , desorption regeneration temperature should not exceed 120 ℃, otherwise they will be gradually oxidized color developing agent and lose color effect.
⒊ regenerated by silica gel should generally screened to remove fine particles, so the particles evenly.
Storage and Packaging
Silicone has a strong capacity to absorb moisture and should therefore be stored in a dry place , packaging, between the ground and have a shelf . There packaging drums , drum , cardboard boxes, plastic bottles, polyethylene plastic bags, flexible container bags and so on. During transportation to avoid rain, moisture and sunlight .
The use of inorganic silica
Wide pore silica is generally used as a catalyst carrier, a matting agent , abrasive toothpaste . Therefore, different varieties should be selected depending on the purpose.
Silica gel desiccant can be used for , and can be reused. Silica is silica gel mSiO2 · nH2O made ​​suitable dehydrating porous materials of different particle sizes . An open porous structure having a specific surface area ( surface area per unit mass ) is large , many substances can be adsorbed , is a good desiccant, an adsorbent and a catalyst carrier. Silica gel adsorption is mainly physical adsorption, can be regenerated and used repeatedly. Adding an acid to an alkali metal silicate ( such as sodium ) solution, and acidified , and then added with stirring for a certain amount of electrolyte , the silicic acid gel ; acid or sodium silicate solution is added in the thick or silicic acid salts can also generate gel. The silica gel was allowed to stand for several hours so that the aging of soluble salts and washed with hot water at 60 ~ 70 ℃ the dried and activated at about 300 ℃, silica gel can be obtained . The silica gel with cobalt chloride solution and then drying and soaking activation , available color gel . When it is used as a desiccant, is blue before absorption , the absorption becomes red, the color change can be seen from the water absorption degree , and the need for regeneration processing . Silicone is also widely used in the vapor recovery areas , and preparing the oil refining catalyst, etc.
Inorganic silica used as a drying agent , the following aspects may be embodied
1 is mainly used for equipment, instruments, equipment, and other moisture absorption in confined conditions rust .
2 in conjunction with ordinary silica gel desiccant , indicating desiccant to absorb moisture and relative humidity to determine the extent of the environment . As packing silica gel desiccant, widely used in precision instruments , leather, clothing, food , medicines and household appliances.
3 use food-grade silicone because it can be used for baby pacifiers and other supplies in direct contact with the human body , in addition , can also be used to produce silicone skin .
Silicone regeneration should pay attention to the issue
1 , drying regeneration should be careful to gradually raise the temperature , so as not to cause severe drying particles burst, lower recoveries .
2, when the silicone baking regeneration , the temperature is too high will cause changes in the pore structure of silica gel adsorption effect of significantly reducing the impact value. For blue or discoloration silica gel indicator , desorption regeneration temperature should not exceed 120 ℃, otherwise they will be gradually oxidized color developing agent and lose color effect.
3, after the regenerated silica should generally screened to remove fine particles, so the particles evenly.
3 related jargon
Specific surface area : means per g of silica gel has a surface area , including internal and external surface area of ​​the micropores and . – Unit : m / g
Pore ​​volume : Each gram of silica gel inside the pores of the total volume . – Unit: ml / g (ml / g)
Aperture: refers to the internal diameter of the silica pores . – Unit: Angstroms (A 0) or nanometers (nm) 1nm = 10A 0
Adsorption amount : silica gel adsorption at a relative humidity of saturated water vapor , when said amount of the adsorbed amount of adsorption of water vapor . – Unit :%
Bulk density: the quality and volume of the silicone they heap space ratio . – Unit : g / liter (g / l)
PH: PH value is the silica gel after a certain processing conditions , PH value of the aqueous solution containing a proportion of silica gel .
Specific resistance : silica is an indicator of purity . Than the resistance itself is defined as the solution resistance at 1cm distance. Is the specific resistance of the silica gel after a certain processing conditions , the silica gel eluted soluble electrolyte , the electric conductivity than the resistance was measured . Resistance higher than reflected lower water-soluble silica contained in the electrolyte . – Unit : ohm cm (Ω.cm)
Attrition rate : is an indicator of the strength wear-resistant silicone . Refers to silica gel under conditions of loss of abrasion . – Unit :%
Water does not burst rate : is an indicator of the degree of water-resistant silicone water . – Unit :%
4 inorganic silica classification
Silicone based on its pore size is divided into: large pore silica , silica coarse holes , B -type silica gel , silica pores . Due to the different pore structure , adsorption properties so they have their own characteristics . Coarse pore silica gel in the case of high relative humidity has a higher adsorption capacity , pore silica gel in the case of low relative humidity higher than the coarse pore silica gel adsorption , while the B -type silica gel due to the pore structure between the coarse and fine between holes , its adsorption capacity between thick, between pore .
Depending on the use of inorganic silica , silica gel can also be classified into beer , silicone PSA , medical silica gel, indicating silica gel , silica gel desiccant, silica opening agent , such as silica gel toothpaste .
Pores of silica gel
Pore ​​silica gel is colorless or slightly yellow transparent vitreous, its basic quality parameters are as follows : average pitch 2.0-3.0nm, surface area 650-800

M / g, pore volume 0.35-0.4ml / g, the specific heat 0.92KJ/kg. ℃, thermal conductivity 0.63KJ / m. Hr. ℃.
Usage: Apply to dry , moisture, rust . Prevents equipment, instruments, weapons, ammunition, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals , food , textiles and various other packaging items damp, can also be used as catalyst carrier and dehydration of organic compounds refined . Because of its high bulk density and low humidity absorption effect is obvious characteristics that can be used as an air purifying agent to control air humidity. In the ocean the way there are a wide range of applications , because the goods during transport often deteriorate due to high humidity and moisture , the product can be effective desiccant moisture, so that the quality of the goods is guaranteed . Pore ​​silica is also commonly used in two parallel plates between the sealing window dehumidifier can maintain transparency of the layers of glass .
B -type silica gel
Characters : B -type silica as a milky transparent or translucent pellets or lumps . B -type glue between the pore structure of coarse -pored silica gel , silica pores .

The basic quality parameters : pore volume of 0.60-0.85ml / g, average pore diameter of 4.5-7.0nm, specific surface area of ​​450-650m2 / g.
Uses: mainly used for air humidity regulators, raw materials and catalyst carriers, pet litter, and as chromatography on silica gel and other chemical products.
Coarse pore silica gel
Coarse pore silica called C -type silicone is a silicone , is a highly active adsorption material , is

Amorphous material , its chemical formula is mSiO2 · nH2O. Insoluble in water and any solvent , non-toxic , odorless , chemically stable, does not react with any substance except alkali, hydrofluoric acid . Chemical composition and physical structure of the coarse pore silica , and determines that it has many other features too difficult to replace similar materials : high adsorption properties, good thermal stability, chemical stability, high mechanical strength.
Coarse pore silica white in appearance , there are massive, spherical and spherical micro three products . Coarse -porous spherical silica and the like is mainly used to remove acid gas purification , drying agents , and the insulating oil ; coarse pore silica gel is mainly used for the catalyst carrier block , drying , gas and liquid purification agents .
5 silicone
Silicone Performance
The basic structural unit of the silicone product is made ​​of a silicon – oxide chain section composed of a silicon atom through a side chain with various other organic groups . Thus, in the structure of organic silicon products containing both ” organic group” , but also contain ” inorganic structure” , this particular composition and molecular structure makes it features organic and inorganic feature set in one. Compared with other polymers, silicone products

The most outstanding performance are:
1 . Temperature characteristics
Silicones are silicon – oxygen (Si-O) bond of the main chain structure , C-C bond energy of 82.6 kcal / mol , the bond energy Si-O bond in the organic silicon is 121 kcal / mole , so the high thermal stability of silicone products , high temperature ( or radiation ) molecular bond is not broken , do not break down . Silicone is not only to high temperature , low temperature resistance, but also can be used in a very wide temperature range . Whether it is physical or chemical properties and mechanical properties, temperature dependence is very small.
2 . Weatherability
Silicones of the main chain is -Si-O-, unparalleled key exists , it is not easy to be decomposed by ultraviolet light and ozone. Better than other silicone polymer material thermal stability and resistance to radiation and weathering capabilities . Silicone natural environment life of up to several decades.
3 . Electrical insulating properties
Silicones have excellent electrical insulating properties , dielectric loss , resistance, voltage, resistance, arc resistance, corona , volume resistivity and surface resistivity of the top in the insulating material etc. , and their performance is affected by temperature and frequency electrical little effect . Therefore, they are a stable electrically insulating material , are widely used in electronics and electrical industry. Silicones have excellent heat resistance in addition , it also has excellent water repellency , the electrical equipment which is used under wet conditions having a high reliability protection .
4 . Physiologically inert
Silicone compounds are known in the least one active compound . They are extremely resistant to biological aging , and animal body without rejection , and has better anti- clotting properties.
5. Low surface tension and low surface energy
Main chain of the silicone is very soft, the force between molecules is much weaker than the hydrocarbon , therefore , lower viscosity than the same molecular weight hydrocarbons , weak surface tension , surface energy is small, the film forming ability . This low surface tension and low surface energy which is the main reason for many applications to obtain : the excellent performance of the hydrophobic , anti-foaming , foam stability, release , lubrication, coating and the like.
Use of silicone
Since these silicones excellent properties , it is very wide range of applications . It

Not only as aviation, cutting-edge technology, special materials used in military technology sector , but also for the various sectors of the national economy , its scope of application has been extended to : construction, electrical and electronics, textiles, automobiles, machinery , leather, paper, chemicals , light industry, metal and paints, pharmaceuticals and medical .
Category 6 silicone
Silicone divided into silicone rubber, silicone resin, silicone three categories.
Depending molding silicone products can be divided into three categories Department
Molded silicone products
Molded silicone products are usually placed in the mold by adding high-temperature vulcanizing agent solid vulcanized silicone raw materials by applying pressure machines, high temperature sulfur of forming a solid , molded silicone hardness is usually 30 ° C-70 ° C. Raw materials in accordance with creams recall Pantone color card color, shape of the mold determines the shape of the molded silicone products , molded silicone products silicone industry is currently the most widely used one . Mainly used only silicone industrial parts, buttons, silicone gifts , silicone wristbands , silicone watches, key cases, mobile phone sets , silicone kitchenware, silicone pad, Ice Cube , cake and so on.
Extruded silicone products
Extruded silicone products usually through extrusion machine extrusion molding silicone , silicone extrusion shapes are generally long , tubular free to cut, but there are limitations shape silicone extrusion , medical equipment, food machinery in a wide range of to use.
Liquid silicone products
Liquid silicone injection molding silicone products through injection molding , product flexibility , hardness can reach 10 ° C-40 ° C, because of its soft features , in emulation of human organs , medical Guijiaoxiongdian , and other widely used.
Specialty Silicone Products
Specialty silicone products is based on the chemical properties of silicone or some add auxiliary materials , specialty silicone products also have a high temperature ( up to 330 degrees ) , food grade ( full compliance with U.S. FDA, LFGB standard ) , medical grade, flame retardant by adding auxiliary materials can also have , luminous , negative ions, color, and other characteristics.
7 Silicone Rubber classified edit
Silicone RTV silicone is mainly divided into high-temperature vulcanized silicone
RTV silicone Introduction and classification
RTV silicone (RTV) is a sixties advent of a new type of silicone elastomer , the most significant feature of this rubber is at room temperature without heating , such as pressure can be cured in situ , extremely easy to use . Thus , came on fast become an important part of the silicone products . Today, RTV silicone has been widely used as adhesives , sealants, protective coatings, potting and molding materials , in all walks of life has its purpose.
RTV silicone its packaging can be divided into single -component and two -component RTV silicone, by curing mechanism can be divided into condensation and molding. Therefore , by component RTV silicone , curing mechanism and the use of technology can be divided into three types, namely single-component RTV silicone, two-component RTV silicone condensation-type and two-component RTV silicone molding added . These three series RTV silicone has its own characteristics : the advantages of one-component RTV silicone is easy to use, but deep curing speed more difficult ; advantages of two-component RTV silicone that hold heat curing , shrinkage is small, no swelling, no stress, curing can be performed on both the inside and the surface, deep cure ; plus RTV curing time mainly depends on the temperature of the silica gel , and therefore , can be controlled by temperature adjustment cure rate .
Among the many synthetic rubber , silicone is a leader in it. It has a non-toxic , tasteless , not afraid to withstand cold temperatures and characteristics , in the ninety degrees below zero Celsius Baidu and ” poised “, ” without blinking an eye ,” still lose the original strength and elasticity. There are good electrical insulation silicone , resistance to oxygen aging resistance , light resistance to aging and mildew resistance , chemical stability. Because of these excellent properties , making silicone get a very broad and important uses in modern medicine . In recent years, the hospitals, research institutes and factories work together successfully trial a variety of silicone medical supplies .
Silicone Earplugs : wear comfortable, noise can be a good barrier to protect the eardrum.
Silicone vacuum extraction device : easy to operate , safe to use , according to the size of the fetal head deformation , fetal scalp will not be sucked up attracting avoid damage to the scalp and intracranial hematoma and other ills , can greatly reduce the pain of childbirth in pregnant women during childbirth .
Silicone artificial blood vessel : a particular physiological function, and the body can be ” intimacy ” , it does not exclude the human body , after a certain time, it will complete with the body tissue is extremely good stability up case .
Silicone tympanic membrane repair piece : its thin, flexible film , finish and good toughness . Is an ideal material for repair of the eardrum , and easy to operate , the effect is quite good.
There are also artificial trachea silica , artificial lung, artificial bone , duodenum silicone tube, the effect is very good.

Barium Carbonate

Barium carbonate, barium BaCO3 is an important compound of the formula BaCO3, molecular weight 197.35 .
Barium carbonate
Hexagonal crystal or fine white powder, orthorhombic , hexagonal , cubic three kinds of crystal. Due to the different conditions of preparation , the bulk density of the obtained products are different , generally 0.80 ~ 2.11g/cm3, the particle size of 0.1 ~ 10μm. Density 4.43 g / cm 3, melting point 1740 ℃ (8820 kPa -90 atm ) . Good thermal stability, at 1400 ℃, about 0.1MPa decomposition and emit carbon dioxide. Slightly soluble in water containing carbon dioxide , carbonic acid or an ammonium salt when in the presence of a concentrated solution of sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate , zinc sulfate, calcium nitrate , calcium chloride , potassium chloride or the like, to increase its solubility . Soluble chloride or ammonium nitrate solution to generate complex, dissolved in hydrochloric acid , nitric acid to release carbon dioxide. Toxic . Barium component prepared carburizing agent is used at a high temperature carburizing a steel member ( hardening ) . Manufacturing cathode tube used to do screening agent . Also used as rat poison , water clarifying agents and fillers. In addition, for the instrumentation, metallurgy industry, for the preparation of fireworks, flares system , ceramic coatings, optical glass materials such as enamel system . Natural barium carbonate ore , barite from the chemical processing system, or carbon dioxide pass into the barium hydroxide solution , sodium carbonate solution or mixed with barium nitrate solution was prepared .
Barium carbonate – the main purpose
Analysis of calcium, magnesium, manganese and zinc iron, measured organic halogen . Used for making barium salts , pigments , fireworks and flares , optical glass, rodenticides , pottery , porcelain, and used as filler and water clarifying agent.

Barium – Toxicity

Barium carbonate is a virulent , can cause acute and chronic poisoning. Because heavy metals barium , barium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid in gastric juice , the release of barium ions , causing toxic reactions.
Barium carbonate, barium poisoning poisoning
Barium carbonate into the body through the respiratory tract and digestive tract can cause acute and chronic poisoning , severe cases can be fatal. About the health hazards of barium more such as: occupational exposure to barium carbonate on human lungs, blood, serum potassium and cholinesterase and so on.

Barium – Chronic poisoning
Barium carbonate accumulates in the bones, causing bone marrow leukosis , which occurred in chronic poisoning.
Barium – acute poisoning
When severe acute poisoning occurs when acute gastrointestinal disease, muscle tendon reflexes , convulsions, muscle weakness and other symptoms.
Barium carbonate, barium carbonate Structure Structure

Toxicity:
Oral
Rat LD50: 418mg/kg
Mouse LD50: 200mg/kg
Barium – emergency treatment
For patients with acute barium poisoning , usually taken gastric lavage, enema, taking measures to make the barium emetic agents excreted .
By the administration of potassium can also react with the barium carbonate , barium can become toxic insoluble barium sulfate precipitation , reduce toxicity. The reason for using potassium sulfate , barium poisoning because may cause hypokalemia .

Barium – rescue and care
1 Clear poison vomiting, gastric lavage , catharsis to clear toxins, preventing the absorption of toxins is the primary rescue measures . In this group of patients , 35 cases after eating poison nausea , vomiting 25 cases , 10 cases of diarrhea, there are two cases of tongue to induce vomiting at home to take the pressure method , five cases with 5% sodium carbonate oral vomiting or gastric lavage , oral sulfate and then sodium 20g catharsis , and the remaining patients with mild symptoms , not gastric lavage or induce vomiting. Close observation of the patient’s consciousness , pale , breathing , pulse, blood pressure and other changes, while in the treatment of patients collected vomit timely submission to identify the poison .
2 As the barium ions potassium supplementation agents can activate the cell membrane, so that from the extracellular potassium ions into the cell and lead to lower serum potassium , and potassium in the pathogenesis of course there will be progressively decreased , so in order to prevent hypokalemia, timely potassium chloride treatment is very important . The group of 49 patients given potassium chloride and VitC, VitB 6 infusion, for the temperature more than 38 ℃, poisoning symptoms are relatively heavier ( 9 cases ) to be potassium chloride 5 ~ 6g / d intravenously treated 1 ~ 2d symptoms, body temperature returned to normal. 9 cases of patients had lower serum potassium four cases before the normal use of potassium chloride , potassium and in the process it produces reduced to varying degrees , by potassium 5 ~ 6g / d, 2d after the review properly. 40 cases with normal serum potassium be potassium 4 ~ 5g / d after the review of potassium were within the normal range.
3 Application role thiosulfate thiosulfate is absorbed with the body undigested insoluble barium carbonate , barium sulfate is generated , thereby reducing the toxicity of barium carbonate , sodium thiosulfate , but must pay attention to the slow intravenous injection or infusion, and fully diuretic , so insoluble barium sulfate particles generated composure in the renal tubules . There are nine cases in this group of critically ill patients to be 0.64g of sodium thiosulfate 20ml 0.9% sodium chloride intravenous , Q4H × 3 times.
4 As the group closely observed in 9 cases of hypokalemia , including four cases appear to reduce serum potassium in potassium process, and potassium chloride intravenous overdose can cause peripheral circulatory failure , heart rate to cardiac arrest , so must be diligent blood pressure , pulse , good monitoring and serum potassium, sodium , chlorine content review electrocardiogram , prevent arrhythmias induced hypokalemia or hyperkalemia . The group, 4 patients with abnormal ECG in potassium are converted to normal after the rest have not exception. For the four cases of pregnant patients , with particular attention to the amount of fluid can not be too much speed not too fast, but also to observe whether the pain intensified and the availability of contractions, see red. After treatment and observation , four cases of pregnant women is not bad to happen.
5 good psychological care in this group of patients suffer a sudden illness , mental activity is very complex , expressed as emotional stress , fear , anxiety, worry prognosis until after symptoms , fear has consequences, affecting work , live, learn, especially 4 pregnant women are more worried about the health and safety of the fetus, which we take the following measures:

Caring, comforting patients with cordial words , more with their talk, communicate ideas , distracted.

In calm , warm , full of attitude and emotional impact of infection , thereby enhancing their self-confidence .

Patients given patiently answered questions raised , and treatment measures , the effect , the prognosis for the necessary explanations to eliminate worries.

Noble ethics and skilled business technology to win the trust of patients, so that they are in the best state of mind, and actively cooperate with the treatment and examination.

Strengthening the fetal heart rate monitoring for pregnant patients , observed changes in fetal heart rate , with or without contractions , see red , once there is a change promptly notify the obstetrician , explained in therapy to do , pay attention to the total amount of drug safety and rehydration , speed.

Paraquat use

1 orchards, mulberry, tea plantations, rubber plantations, forest use in the weeds out of Qi, born in a strong period, per acre with 20% agent 100-200 ml, watered 25 kg, uniform spray weed stems, when when weeds grow to more than 30cm, the dosage should be doubled. nike air max baratas 2 corn, sugar cane, soybeans and other row crop fields wide use before sowing or after sowing pre-treatment process, but also the late crop, the use of protective directional inter-row weed spray Control. cheap nike air max Before sowing or after treatment before sowing seedlings per acre with a 20 percent agent 75-200 ml of water 25 kg spray controlling weeds have been unearthed. cheap nikes Crop growing season, per acre with 20% agent 100-200 ml of water 25 kg, as the line between protective directed spray. asics pas cher 3 practical experience shows that paraquat had no significant effect on the yellow.

sodium metabisulphite

A detailed description editor
Basic Information
Name
English / Latin names
Sodium Pyrosulfite
Jiaoya Liusuanna
English Name

Supplies: http://www.lubonchem.com
: SODIUM BISULFITE; disodiummetabisulfite; disodiumpyrosulphite; fertisilo; metabisulfitedesodium; Sodiummetabisufite; sodiummetabisulfite (na2-s2o5); sodiumpyrosulfite (na2s2o5); Sodium dissulfite; Sodium disulphite; Sodium pyrosulphite; SODIUM METABISULFITE, PH EUR; SODIUM DISULFITE DRY TECHNICAL; SODIUM METABISULFITE ACS REAGENT ;… SODIUM DISULFITE DRY, RG, REAG ACS, REAG PH EUR;. SODIUM METABISULFITE, 97 +%, ACS REAGE NT; SODIUM METABISULFITE 97 +% ACS REAG &; SODIUM METABISULFITE REAGENT GRADE 97%; SodiumMetabisulphiteA.R;. SodiumMetabisulphiteFcc
Chinese alias
Sodium metabisulfite ; dipropylene sulfite ; weight thioredoxin ; pyrogallol sulfite ; sodium metabisulfite ; metabisulfite ; edible metabisulfite .
CASRN :7681-57-4
EINECS No. :231 -673-0
InchI Code : InChI = 1/2Na.H2O5S2/c;; 1-6 ⑵ 5-7 ⑶ 4 / h;; (H, 1,2) (H, 3,4) / q2 * +1 ;/ p-2
Formula : Na2S2O5
Molecular Weight : 190.09
Appearance: white or light yellow crystalline powder or small crystals ..
Specification: ≥ 65% of sulfur dioxide
Iron ≤ 0.005%
Water insoluble ≤ 0.05%
PH value of 4.0-4.6
Chemical Name
Chinese chemical name : sodium metabisulfite
Chemical Name : sodium metabisulfite
Chinese Name 2 : sodium metabisulfite
Name 2: sodium pyrosulfite / sodium metabisulphite
Technical Manual Code : 1333
CAS No. :7681-57-4
Formula : Na2S2O5
Molecular Weight : 190.09
Ingredients and composition
Hazardous components CAS No.
Sodium metabisulfite 7681-57-4
Category : Antioxidants .
Properties and Applications
Summary
Sodium metabisulfite ; sodium metabisulfite ; heavy thioredoxin ; Sodium metabisulfite; Sodium pyrosulfite formula Na2S2O5 Molecular Weight 190.10 CAS No. 7681-57-4
Physical and chemical properties
The main ingredients: pure
Appearance: colorless prismatic crystals or white powder ; has sulfur smell , sour, salty , ; Storage falling yellow color gradient .
pH:
300（fen jie） “>Melting point (℃):> 300 ( decomposition )
Boiling Point (℃): Not available
Relative density ( water = 1 ) : 1.48
Solubility: soluble in water , acidic aqueous solution ( at 20 ℃ to 54g/100ml water ; 100 ℃ when 81.7g/100ml water ) . Soluble in glycerol, slightly soluble in ethanol. The relative density of 1.4 . Soluble in water soluble in glycerine , slightly soluble in ethanol. Damp decomposition, exposed in air easily oxidized sodium . Contact with acid emit sulfur dioxide and generate the corresponding salts. Heated to 150 ℃ decomposition.
Stability and reactivity
Materials to avoid : strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
Avoid contact conditions : moist air.
Physical and chemical properties
Sodium metabisulfite is white or yellow crystalline powder or small crystals , with a strong smell of SO2 , the proportion of 1.4 , dissolved in water , acidic aqueous solution , with a strong acid contact with the release SO2 and generates the corresponding salts, long home air, the oxidation into Na2S2O6, so the product can not go far. Higher than 150 ℃, namely decomposition SO2.
Security terms
S26In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S39Wear eye / face protection.
Wear goggles or masks.
S46If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label.
If swallowed , seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label.
Risk Phrases
R22Harmful if swallowed.
Harmful if swallowed .
R31Contact with acids liberates toxic gas.
Contact with acids liberates toxic gas.
R41Risk of serious damage to the eyes.
Serious damage to eyes .
Determination
Thiosulfate
Take this product 1.1g, slowly add dilute hydrochloric acid 10ml, dissolved in a water bath for 10 minutes , let cool, relocated colorimetric tube , add water to 20ml, as was muddy , and sodium thiosulfate solution ( 0.1 control solution mol / L) 0.20ml comparison is made using the same method , no thicker ( 0.2% ) .
Iron
Take this product 1.0g, 5ml of water and hydrochloric acid 2ml dissolved , evaporated on a water bath , the residue with water 15ml 2ml hydrochloric acid , dissolved , add the amount of bromine test solution and the solution of microscopic yellow , heated to remove excess bromine , let cool , add water to 25ml, according to inspection , 2.0ml solution compared with standard control solution made ​​of iron , not deeper ( 0.002% ) .
Heavy Metal
Take this product 1.0g, 10ml water dissolved, add 5ml of hydrochloric acid , evaporated on a water bath , the residue water 15ml, slowly boil for 2 minutes, filtered , and the filtrate was added so that the amount of bromine test solution clarified , heated to remove excess bromine , let cool, add 1 drop of phenolphthalein indicator solution and the amount of ammonia solution until the solution was pink , vinegar salt buffer (pH3.5) 2ml with water to make a 25ml, according to inspection , containing no heavy metals per million dated .
Arsenic

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Barium chloride

Name: Barium chloride
Formula: BaCl2
Molecular Weight: 208.23
Risk: Toxic
CAS No.: 10361-37-2
Control Type: Unregulated
Supplies:http://www.lubonchem.com

1 Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical Properties
White crystalline or granular powder. Bitter and salty. Slightly hygroscopic . At 100 ℃ loses crystal water , but placed in the wet air again absorb two molecules of water of crystallization . Soluble in water , soluble in methanol , insoluble in ethanol, ethyl acetate and acetone. The relative density of 3.86 . Melting point 963 ℃, boiling point 1560 ℃, refractive index 1.635 . Barium yellow- green flame reaction
Chemical properties
Barium chloride is commonly used laboratory analytical reagents , mainly for precipitation sulfate , barium sulfate to produce insoluble precipitate .
2 Preparation Method Editor
Reduction on industrial carbon barite get barium sulfide , barium sulfide dissolved in concentrated hydrochloric acid or calcium chloride that was saturated barium chloride . This is the method commonly used , calcium and strontium can be easily removed impurities
3 Use the Edit Profile
Mainly used for metal heat treatment, barium salt manufacturing, electronic instruments , also used for machining heat treatment agent. Determination of sulfate and selenium salts , etc. , chromatography, drip Determination of platinum , water softener . Fabric dyeing .
4 Storage Condition
Store in a cool , ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat. Packing seal. Should oxidants , acids, food chemicals stored separately and avoid mixing reservoir.
5 hazardous editor
Barium is a virulent , 0.2 ~ 0.5g ingestion can cause poisoning, lethal dose of 0.8 ~ 0.9g. If found poisoned , magnesium or sodium -speed service , taking gastric lavage , enema, vomiting and other measures. Rapid medical treatment, barium poisoning obvious symptoms of hypokalemia .  LD50 approximately 118mg/kg.