ATMP • Na4 is neutral sodium ATMP can prevent scale formation water into the dirt salts, especially calcium carbonate scale formation. ATMP • 4Na for the power plant, oil refinery cooling water, oil field water injection systems. ATMP • 4Na for some other additives also have good compatibility. ATMP • 4Na is especially suitable for neutral to acidic formula, no ammonia odor produced.
Use of this product for the synthesis of prostaglandins, some antibiotics, cholesterol-lowering drugs Glover Sting (Lovastatin) and the new Fu Siting (Simvastatin) auxiliary materials
ATMP Properties and Uses
ATMP has excellent chelation, low threshold inhibition and lattice distortion . Salt water into the dirt can prevent the formation of scale , particularly calcium carbonate scale formation. ATMP in the chemical nature of the water stable , easy hydrolysis. At higher concentration in the water , there is a good inhibition effect .
ATMP used in thermal power plant , oil refinery cooling water , oil field water injection systems. Can play a role in reducing metal equipment or pipeline corrosion and scaling . ATMP in the textile and dyeing industry as a metal ion chelator , can also be used for metal surface treatment agent . ATMP good chemical stability , hard to be hydrolyzed , and the temperature, with the zinc salt , copolymer complex to use , with good synergies and threshold effects , the goods in
High doses also has good corrosion performance, and is non-toxic , pollution-free agents , the product of a good dispersion of calcium carbonate scale inhibition performance.
ATMP solid crystalline powder , soluble in water , easy to absorb moisture , easy to transport and use , especially for cold winter areas. Due to the high purity, can be used as textile printing and dyeing industry, metal chelators and metal surface treatment agent.
Amino Trimethylene Phosphonic Acid Use
ATMP often associated with other organic acid, poly- carboxylic acid or salt to form organic alkaline water treatment agent, for circulating cooling water systems under a variety of different water quality conditions. Dosage of 1 ~ 20mg / L is preferred ; used as corrosion inhibitor , in an amount of 20 ~ 60mg / L. [1] ATMP acid products generally . However, when used in caustic and other purposes, with sodium hydroxide and after a five alternate salt are formulated . Since the lower and the disodium salt of phosphonic acid trisodium salt solubility in water ( at room temperature of about 30% , and about 50% pentasodium salt ) , for the preparation of a stable formulation with sodium hydroxide solution and the
When the liquid product (50 % solution in water ) , the former is not higher than 45% concentration , otherwise the process will occur and the disodium and trisodium salts fine microcrystalline precipitate. When using this product as a corrosion inhibitor alone , the required dose is higher. So often required with other inhibitors ( eg , zinc ion ) combined. And with zinc , can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of carbon steel , the best zinc content in the formulation is 30% -60 % . Since the formation of complexes with zinc , zinc solubilizing stable , so that the formulation is not sensitive to changes in water quality , cooling water temperature allowed to reach 70-77 ° C , PH value to 9
The main purpose of aluminum sulfate
Gelatine as an effective crosslinking agent , and can increase the viscosity of gelatine . Urea- formaldehyde adhesive is also used as a curing agent, 20% aqueous solution of the curing speed.
Raw materials in the paper industry as rosin , wax emulsion compound precipitation agent , as flocculants in water treatment , can be made to stay within the Antifoaming agent manufactured alum , aluminum white, oil bleaching, deodorizing agents, certain drugs of raw materials. Also the manufacture of artificial gems and senior ammonium alum . Arsenic content of not more than 5mg/kg products can be used in water treatment flocculant.
1 paper industry as a paper sizing agent to enhance the paper ‘s water resistant, impervious performance ;
(2) dissolved in water to make water and natural rubber fine particles agglomerate into large floc, thus removing from the water , it is used as coagulant for water and wastewater ;
3 Turbidity as scavenger agent is also used as precipitation , fixing agents, fillers, and the like. Used in cosmetics antiperspirant cosmetic ingredients ( astringent ) ;
4 fire protection industry, and baking soda , foaming composition foam fire extinguishing agent ;
5 analytical reagents , mordant , tanning agents, oil bleaching agents, wood preservatives ;
6 pasteurized albumin stabilizer ( including liquid or frozen whole egg or egg yolk protein ) ;
7 can be used as raw material for the manufacture of artificial gems and senior ammonium alum , other aluminate ;
8 fuel industry, in the production of chrome yellow dye and precipitant lake while underway solid color and filler effect.
Effect of leaching on the secondary aluminum sulfate improved Sodic Soil : This study Songnen Plain region before Guo severe saline soil for the study, in the form of laboratory simulation analysis , improved after adding aluminum sulfate , and then rinsed the results were analyzed . Add aluminum sulfate were selected concentrations of 0 %, 0.2 %, 0.4 %, 0.6 %, 0.8 %, 1.0 %, 1.2% was measured , which was studied in seven cases were rinsed once , twice, three times, soil the ion concentration in the solution and the major trend , and the physical properties of the seven concentrations were measured after the addition . Integrated the test results , the following conclusions .
Rinse effectively improve the salinization of the soil . In certain amount of aluminum sulfate , the increase in the number of rinsing with a concentration of sulfate ions and anions such as chloride ion decreased significantly . Carbonate and bicarbonate have decreased significantly, but the impact of carbon dioxide in the air by the rate of decline is not fast sulfate and chloride ions , but also significantly improves the ion results of the soil, the soil is more suitable for crop growth .
Leaching significantly improve soil chemical composition role, but added to the leaching of aluminum sulfate as there are a lot of time, while in shock and so on, for the first time put into hydrocolloids aluminum sulfate , aluminum sulfate partially formed have been destroyed affected the improvement effect of aluminum sulfate to the soil . Meanwhile, rinse the shock process also destroys any original soil aggregates and micro-aggregates , rinsed several times so that the physical properties of the soil does not improve, or even have a negative effect in terms of pH value of the soil solution .
When no leaching the soil , add aluminum sulfate to effectively improve soil properties , especially for reducing soil alkalization degree , the effect is obvious. Soil pH, soil bulk density, soil particle size and other aspects of the role of soil have been improved , and the effect is obvious. Calcium and magnesium ions with the addition of aluminum sulfate was released from a certain extent, also played a role in reducing the degree of soil salinization . However, the use of aluminum sulfate improvements alone , and can not fully solve the problem of soil Songnen Plain . Increase the salt content of the soil material when there is higher due to soil salinization degree , aluminum sulfate did not improve soil salinization of the problem , and even add aluminum sulfate. Therefore , only the aluminum sulfate soil type conversion from soda type of sulfuric acid type , the problem is alleviated, but not completely resolved.
Integrated aluminum sulfate and leaching the pros and cons of these two methods improved , improved ways of combining the two , you can get both the basicity improve soil problems, but also can improve the problem of salinization of the soil , the better the improvement of soil conditions. When adding aluminum sulfate to 0.8% , leaching the soil twice , the researchers noted that the best results can be achieved .
Triacetin basic information
MW: 218.2
EINECS: 203-051-9
Mol File : 102-76-1.mol
Vapor density : 7.52 (vs air)
FEMA: 2007
Refractive index : n25 / D 1.429-1.431 (lit.)
Flash Point : 300 ° F
Water Solubility : 64.0 g / L (20 º C)
Merck: 9589
Stability :. Stable Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents Combustible..
NIST Chemistry :1,2,3-Propanetriol, triacetate (102-76-1)
EPA Substance :1,2,3-Propanetriol, triacetate (102-76-1)
3 Chemical Properties
Colorless , odorless , oily liquid. Unlike most alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform and other organic solvents , soluble in acetone , insoluble in mineral oil. Slightly soluble in water. Solubility in water at 25 ℃ to 5.9g/100ml. [ 1 ] is dissolved in alcohol, ether , benzene , chloroform , and castor oil, linseed oil , but do not dissolve . Can dissolve cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate , acrylic resin, polyvinyl acetate, and the like. Natural rosins have dissolved to a certain extent , but not with a polyvinyl chloride , polystyrene, chlorinated rubber mixture.
4 Edit Content Analysis
Accurately weighed sample of about 1g, release an appropriate pressure bottle , plus 1mol / L. Potassium hydroxide solution and isopropanol 25.0ml 15ml, Gasser , put in with the cloth wrapped in a canvas bag . Release a 98 ℃ ± 2 ℃ in a water bath heated 1h, bath water level should be slightly higher than the level of the bottle . Remove the bottle from the bag , the air cooled to room temperature , loosen the cloth and cork the bottle to release excess pressure , then the cloth removed. Add phenolphthalein test solution (TS-167) 6 ~ 8 drops of 0.5mol / L sulfuric acid titration of excess base to pink just disappears. While the blank test as above . Per milliliter 0.5mol / L sulfuric acid equivalent glycerol triacetate (C9H14O6) 36.37mg.
5 Uses Edit
1 , used as a plasticizer and spices fixative , ink solvents , also used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and dyes.
2, used as chromatographic stationary phase, solvent , plasticizer and spices fixative .
3 , moisturizers ; carrier solvent ; plasticizers ; absorb carbon dioxide from the natural gas . According to the provisions of GB 2760 ~ 96 prospective for spices.
Use as a cigarette filter and perfume fixative binder , solvent, plasticizer . And can be used in cosmetics , casting , pharmaceuticals, dyes and other industries. This product is non-toxic, non-irritating .
4, the fixing agent as perfumes , solvents , toughening. Used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and the production of dyes , used as a plasticizer , such as cigarette filter tips .
6 allow residues of the standard editing
Food
Foods with spices : spices used in the preparation of each flavor component in GB 2760 may not exceed the maximum allowed amount and the maximum allowable residues .
Gum candy
Candy gum base agent material : according to production needs appropriate use ( except for special provisions ) .
7 Production Method Editor
1 , by the esterification of glycerol with acetic acid . Preheated to 50-60 ℃ glycerol , acetic acid , benzene and sulfuric acid. Was heated with stirring to reflux dehydration, after the recovery of benzene , was added acetic anhydride was heated 4h. After cooling, neutralized with 5 % sodium carbonate to pH 7 , layer of water , crude oil was dried with calcium chloride . Vacuum distillation , collecting 128-131 ℃ (0.93kPa) fractions, namely glycerol triacetate .
2 , followed by the hot acetic anhydride and purified by vacuum distillation glycerol derived .
8 Safety Information Editor
Safety Instructions :23 -24/ 25
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS No. : AK3675000
HS CODE: 29153930
Toxicity : ADI does not make special provisions (FAO / WHO, 2001).
GR.AS (FDA, § 182.1901,2000).
LD50 3000mg/kg ( rat, oral ) .
Use limit : FEMA (mg / kg): Soft drinks 190 ; cold 60 ~ 2000 ; candy 560 ; bakery products 1000 ; gum 4100 .
thiourea Precautions
HAZARDS
Health hazards: a toxic effect is small, can inhibit thyroid function and blood-forming organs when repeated effect. Can cause allergic reactions . Can be absorbed through the skin . The product dust eye and upper respiratory tract irritation after inhalation cause coughing, chest discomfort. Oral stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract. Chronic effects: long-term exposure , headache , drowsiness , weakness , pale, puffy face , reduced basal metabolism , blood pressure, pulse rate slows, leukopenia. Damage to the skin , itchy skin , palms sweating , dermatitis, chapped .
Environmental hazards : hazard to the environment .
Explosion hazard: The product is flammable , toxic , irritating. [ 2 ]
First aid measures
Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing, use soap and water thoroughly washed skin.
Eye contact: Did eyelid, mobile water or saline. Doctor.
Inhalation : rapidly from the scene to fresh air. Keep the airway patency. If breathing is difficult , give oxygen. If not breathing , give artificial respiration immediately. Doctor.
Ingestion : drink plenty of water, induce vomiting . Doctor. [ 2 ]
Fire-fighting measures
Hazardous combustion products: nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides.
Fire fighting methods : the use of water, foam, carbon dioxide, sand fire. [ 2 ]
Spill response
Emergency treatment: isolation leak contaminated areas, restricting access. Cut off the fire source . Recommended emergency personnel wearing a dust mask ( full cover ) , wearing overalls general operations . Do not direct contact with leakage.
A small leak: clean shovel collection in a dry, clean, covered containers.
Large Leak: recycling or collection shipped to the waste disposal sites. [ 2 ]
Handling and storage
Handling Precautions : closed operation, local exhaust ventilation. The operator must go through specialized training , strict adherence to rules . Proposed operators wear self-absorption filter respirators , wearing chemical protective safety glasses, wear rubber gloves. Away from fire , heat, workplace smoking . Use explosion-proof ventilation systems and equipment. Avoid generating dust . Avoid contact with oxidizing agents , acids touch. Handling of light when light unloading , packaging and containers to prevent damage . Corresponding with the variety and quantity of fire equipment and emergency equipment leakage . Empty containers may be harmful residues .
Storage: Store in a cool , ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat. Packing seal. Should oxidants , acids, food chemicals stored separately and avoid mixing reservoir. Corresponding with the variety and quantity of fire equipment . Storage areas should be equipped with suitable material spill . [ 2 ]
Security terms
Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.
Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets .
Risk Phrases
Harmful if swallowed .
There are few reports of carcinogenic effects.
Toxic to aquatic organisms , may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
There is a danger of injury to the fetus .
Tert- butanol nature
Physical Data
Boiling Point (º C, 101.3kPa): 82.42
Melting point (º C): 25.7
Relative density (g / mL, 20/4 º C): 0.775
Refractive index (n20 º C): 1.3878
Viscosity (mPa · s, 30 º C): 3.35
Flash Point (º C, open ) : 11
Flash point (º C): 450 ~ 500
Evaporation heat (KJ / kg, b.p.): 546.3
Melting heat (KJ / kg): 91.6
Heat of combustion (KJ / kg): 35540
Specific heat capacity (KJ / (kg · K), 27 º C, constant pressure ) : 3.04
Critical temperature (º C): 236
Critical pressure (MPa): 3.972
Boiling point rise in constant: 8.37
Conductivity (S / m): 2.9 × 10-7
Lower explosive limit (%, V / V): 2.35
Upper explosive limit (%, V / V): 8
Vapor pressure (kPa, 20 º C): 4.08
Expansion coefficient (K-1, 20 º C): 0.00133
Solubility: miscible with many organic solvents , water, alcohols , esters , ethers , aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and the like. Soluble in most organic solvents , such as alcohols , esters , ketones , aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Temperature refractive index (n25): 1.382330
The relative density (25 ℃, 4 ℃): 0.775730
The relative density (20 ℃, 4 ℃): 0.7866d
Critical density (g · cm-3): 0.270
Critical volume (cm3 · mol-1): 275
Critical compressibility factor : 0.259
Eccentric Factor: 0.616
Lennard-Jones parameters (A): 5.9095
Lennard-Jones parameters (K): 334.79
Solubility parameter (J · cm-3) 0.5:21.492
vanderWaals area (cm2 · mol-1): 7.620 × 109
vanderWaals volume (cm3 · mol-1): 52.380
Vapor standard heat of combustion ( enthalpy ) (kJ · mol-1): 2690.77
Heat is generated by gas standards (enthalpy ) (kJ · mol-1): -312.42
Vapor standard entropy (J · mol-1 · K-1): 326.70
Vapor standard free energy (kJ · mol-1): -177.6
Vapor standard hot melt (J · mol-1 · K-1): 113.63
Liquid standard combustion heat ( enthalpy ) (kJ · mol-1): -2643.95
Liquid Standard claiming heat ( enthalpy ) (kJ · mol-1): -359.24
Liquid standard entropy (J · mol-1 · K-1): 192.88
Liquid standard free energy (kJ · mol-1): -184.68
Standard liquid melt (J · mol-1 · K-1): 218.6
Crystalline -phase standard combustion heat (enthalpy ) (kJ · mol-1): -2637.26
Standard claimed crystalline phase heat ( enthalpy ) (kJ · mol-1): -365.89
Crystalline phase standard entropy (J · mol-1 · K-1): 170.58
Crystalline phase standard free energy (kJ · mol-1): 184.68
Crystalline phase standard hot melt (J · mol-1 · K-1): 146.1
Polyacrylamide using features
1 , flocculation : PAM allows suspended material by charge neutralization , bridging adsorption, flocculation effect .
2 , the adhesive : through mechanical, physical, chemical action , since the adhesion effect.
3 , lowering resistance : PAM can effectively reduce fluid friction , water with traces of PAM can be 50-80% reduction in resistance .
4 , thickening: PAM thickening effect in neutral and acid conditions, when the PH value above 10 PAM easily hydrolyzed . When a semi- mesh structure , thickening more obvious.
Polyacrylamide usage instructions
1 , the number of washing with the use of cationic polyacrylamide can be set from 30 kg to one hundred and ten kilograms ; wastewater usage of the chemical industry is generally between fifty to one hundred and twenty kilograms ; dyeing industry wastewater and paper industry wastewater difficult to deal with , should increase the number used to set the number to use in one hundred to three hundred kilograms more reasonable , electroplating wastewater industry and general industrial water is generally not more than fifty kilograms . Note : ( number of industries are using this number several thousand tons of wastewater each ) .
2 , sewage treatment methods depending on Desliming flocculant used is not the same .
If the process the body uses biochemical methods , that is, sludge dewatering ( probably containing some early silt ) , just as sludge dewatering agent cationic PAM can .
If the process the body uses physical methods, such as an enhanced loading magnetic separation process, the general is to add PAC quenched , then add the anionic flocculant , and finally add cationic flocculant dehydration. Specific dosage should be based on effluent quality .
There are many sewage treatment station , sludge dewatering added directly PAC or other inorganic flocculants can be, in this frame filter, especially electronics factory or a small sewage treatment plant used widely.
When PAM sludge dehydrating agent as generally used in a ratio of 0.1% water – 0.2 %. Dissolved into a glue -like liquid in the future , then vote added to the sludge mixed treatment .
And sludge ratio is generally 5% – 10% , and some less , this should be determined according to the concentration of the sludge , it is best to determine the optimal dosage and usage models beaker through field experiments . Different sludge, different agents , the treatment effect of different equipment, different management levels , the sludge is different.
3, the sewage treatment plant with a cationic polyacrylamide as sewage sludge dewatering operations agent . In the process , and customer communication , customers often asked in the process of wastewater treatment sludge dewatering , sludge dewatering agent dosage problems. To know the exact opposite sludge dewatering agent dosage , first of all understand these parameters , the moisture content of the sludge , mud cake moisture content , into the mud , into the amount of drugs, pharmaceuticals concentration.
Sludge moisture content: the percentage of moisture contained in the sludge and sludge than the weight of the total weight of the moisture content of the sludge is called .
Cake moisture content : The percentage off the sludge cake that is contained in the water weight and the ratio of the total weight of the sludge cake moisture content is called .
But also through the following formula for computing
1 dosage mg / L = Dosing Quality / Water treatment / dispensing concentration
2 , treated water dosing dose = treated water m3 / h * dosage g/m3
3 , the amount of dry sludge treated water * = [ (1 - sludge moisture content ) / (1 - cake moisture content ) ]
4 , pharmaceutical consumption per ton of dry clay dosage g/m3 = / dry mud
The above result of the calculation error may be relatively large , only made with reference to water running. The actual amount of consumption of the drug you want to actually test machine operators
Use Pivalic acid
Application of pesticides
So, for the synthesis of acetate or acetone pinacolone can be synthesized in a variety of new pesticides, fungicides , plant growth regulators and pesticides , such as triazole alcohol, benzyl chloride triadimenol , triadimefon ( triadimefon ) , MET double oxacillin alcohol , effects azole , allyl trazodone , tebuconazole , sprout inhibition azole , shrink strains azole Fortunately, trazodone and so on. These products have high efficiency , low toxicity , uptake , broad-spectrum , with less Vinca and other characteristics of rice, wheat , soybeans , fruit, vegetables and other crops with resistance to plant diseases and insect pests , such as lodging has good control effect .
Application of medicine
Pivaloyl chloride production furosemide ampicillin , double-effect material pivaloyl adrenal table can be used for the production of ampicillin , amoxicillin , cefazolin , and other semi-synthetic antibiotics. Pivalate prepared with prednisone good solubility , high efficacy , side effects, can be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Benzoyl pivalate capillaries increase the stability , for the treatment of tuberculosis. Pivalate prepared fluorometholone , used as an ointment for treating psoriasis of the active ingredient .
Application areas initiator agent
Pivalic acid chloride is reacted with t-butyl peroxide , sodium peroxide, t -butyl ester generated can produce free radicals , may be as low temperature -50 ℃, high efficiency , short induction period, the short cycle characteristics. In addition, use it as efficient initiator, polymers produced good thermal stability, good electrical properties , non-toxic , with a large and good linearity , etc. in the structure of the molecular weight of the product can be used as food packaging bags.
By Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd. A novel pivalate peroxide initiator , t-hexyl peroxide Kit pivaloyl (HPP), which is the initiator efficiency , has no toxicity , low activity and other characteristics. And by its high peroxide initiator di – compound ( 2 -ethyl) hexyl acrylate with an initiator system consisting of a suspension of PVC in the production of a number of advantages : to reduce the polymerization time , the reaction heat uniformly to facilitate the process operation ; product particle morphology is good, “fish eyes” small, narrow molecular weight distribution, good quality products.
Pivalate for synthesis triggered there is great potential agents , should increase research efforts.
Application of coatings
Pivalic acid obtained by the initiator produced polyacrylate coating agent as compared with the conventional initiators obtained by selecting the specific structure of such an initiator and a chain transfer agent, a high solids synthetic hinge polyacrylate paint showed a higher gloss and gloss retention in aging experiments.
Shell Oil Company can be reported pivalic preparing epoxy powder coating treatment agent. Such a treatment agent with the powder coating with excellent color and luster and easy hydrolysis durable.
Other Applications
Pivalate having a resistance to hydrolysis and aroma , fragrance soap used as shampoos . Such as n-propyl pivalate with fruit, especially n-amyl valerate with orchid flavor, especially valerate with citrus flavor. Allyl pivalate can be used in the manufacture of hair gel . Pivalic acid esters of polyethylene glycol used as a truck ‘s brake oil, its lithium salt used as an engine fuel additive to increase the octane number . With a special acid as photosensitive materials coupler, with consumption of a small amount of silver , which will help thinning the layer to improve film clarity, the coupling reaction speed and other characteristics. In addition , special acid extraction agent also used metal , wood preservatives , etc., is widely used.
The main purpose of pentaerythritol
Pentaerythritol is mainly used in the coatings industry , alkyd resin coatings can be used to manufacture , enabling the hardness , gloss and durability of the paint film can be improved. It is also used as a raw material needed for rosin resin paints , varnishes and printing inks , and system -drying , Yin Fang empty flammable paints and lubricants . Pentaerythritolfatty acid ester is a highly effective lubricant and PVC plasticizer , an epoxy derivative of the raw material is from the production of surfactants . Pentaerythritol easily form complexes with metal , but also as a water softener in the detergent formulation used . In addition, for pharmaceuticals, pesticides and other production .
Pentaerythritol molecules containing four equivalents of hydroxymethyl, a high degree of symmetry , it is often used as a polyfunctional compound is prepared to take the raw material . It can be prepared by the nitration of Pentaerythritol tetranitrate ( PETN , PETN), is a high explosive ; esterification available Pentaerythritoltriacrylate (PETA), used as a coating .
Used as a flame retardant adhesive , and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with available intumescent flame retardant . Polyurethane crosslinker also used to provide a branched polyurethane inside .