Highly versatile. Used in the manufacture of pulp, soap, dyes, artificial silk, aluminum, petroleum refining, cotton finishing, purified coal tar products, and food processing, wood processing and machinery industry and so on.
Chemistry experiment
In addition to the reagents used outside, because it has a strong absorbent and deliquescent, but also used as an alkaline desiccant. [3] can also be absorbed acid gases (such as oxygen in the combustion of sulfur in the experiment, sodium hydroxide solution to the absorption of toxic sulfur dioxide into the bottle.)
Industrial
Sodium hydroxide is widely applied in the national economy, many industrial sectors require sodium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide is the most used chemicals in the manufacturing sector, followed by paper, aluminum smelting, refining tungsten, rayon, rayon and soap manufacturing. Further, in the production of dyes, plastics, pharmaceutical and organic intermediates, reproducing the old rubber, metal sodium, water and inorganic salt electrolysis production, preparation of borax, chromium, manganese, phosphate, etc., but also the use of a lot of soda. [5]
Chemical Industry
This determines the characteristics of the product of sodium hydroxide in a number of chemical reactions are important and indispensable substances. Sodium hydroxide is the production of polycarbonate, a super absorbent polymer, zeolite, epoxy, sodium sulfite and a lot of important raw materials sodium.
Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acids by hydrolysis of oil; soft, saturated fatty acids are stearic acid, the hydrolysis of fats.
If potassium hydroxide hydrolysis of the resulting soap is soft.
Sodium chloride was added to the solution may reduce the solubility of the fatty acid salt and separating the fatty acid salts, a process called salting. Salts of higher fatty acid soap is the main component, the process can be obtained by the filler bar soaps.
Saponification
The main components of fats and vegetable oils are triglycerides, alkaline solution of its equations are:
R groups may be different, but the resulting R-COONa can make soap. R-common are:
C17H33-: 8 – heptadecenyl. R-COOH is oleic acid.
C15H31-: n-pentadecyl. Palmitic acid R-COOH.
C17H35-: n-heptadecyl. R-COOH is stearic acid.
Carbon dioxide gas absorption
Neutral, alkaline CO ₂ gas is mixed with the following reaction impurity
CO ₂ +2 NaOH = Na ₂ CO ₃ + H ₂ O
Papermaking
Sodium hydroxide plays an important role in the paper industry. Because of the basic characteristics, which is used for cooking and bleaching process of the sheet.
Food Industry
Sodium hydroxide can be widely used for the following production process: cleaning container; starch processing; preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose; glutamate manufacturing process.
Water
Sodium hydroxide is widely used in water treatment. In sewage treatment plants, water hardness can reduce the sodium hydroxide by neutralization. In the industrial field, the ion exchange resin is regenerated catalyst regeneration. Sodium hydroxide is highly alkaline and has a relatively high water solubility. As the liquid caustic soda, so easy to measure the amount is convenient to use in various fields of water treatment.
Sodium hydroxide is used in the treatment of the following subject areas: the elimination of water hardness; adjust pH of the water; wastewater neutralization; regeneration of ion exchange resin; elimination by precipitation of heavy metal ions in water.
Man-made fibers and textiles
In the textile industry, and the sodium hydroxide is used for final treatment of the dyed fiber. Main purpose: silk rayon treatment
Metallurgy
Sodium hydroxide is used for processing bauxite, the bauxite containing alumina, i.e. aluminum metal present in the alumina. Aluminum (the world’s second most used on the metal. Sodium hydroxide is also used in the production of zinc alloys and zinc ingots.
Cleaning Products
Sodium hydroxide has been used in traditional life purpose, until today, soap, soap and other types of detergent demand for caustic soda is still accounted for about 15% of caustic soda.
Soap: soap is the oldest and most caustic widely used in the manufacturing process of soap, caustic soda is used to neutralize acids.
Detergent: Sodium hydroxide is used in the production of various detergents or detergent are also now manufactured out of a multitude of caustic soda, caustic soda is used for the vulcanization reaction and excess fuming sulfuric acid for neutralization.
Aspects of life
In food production, processed food hydroxide is sometimes used.
Note: At this point the use of sodium hydroxide is strictly controlled; while some unscrupulous traders are excessive use of sodium hydroxide so that the food is more “nice”, but such food can cause disease.
Storage and transportation
Solid sodium hydroxide into the 0.5 mm thick steel drums strict closure, barrel weight does not exceed 100 kilograms; bags or two-story brown paper bag full open or in open drums; threaded glass Glass Lid pressure bottles, plastic bottles or metal (cans) outside the ordinary wooden box; threaded glass, plastic bottles or tinplate barrels (LP), full floor grille boxes, fibreboard or plywood box; tinplate barrels (cans), metal (cans), plastic bottles or corrugated metal hose outside. To complete packaging containers, seal, there is a clear “corrosive substance” signs. Railway transportation, steel drums available gondola transport. When complete packaging to shipment, loading should be safe. During transport to ensure that the container does not leak, did not fall, do not fall, no damage, moisture and rain. If found to occur containers corrosion, cracking, when the holes, melting Tangshui so on, should immediately replace the use of the packaging or early delivery, container repair damaged solder available. With no flammable or combustible materials, acids, food chemicals mixed mixed operation. Transport transport vehicles should be equipped with spill response equipment. Shall not flammable and acids during storage or shipment.
Soap choose reagent grade or industrial grade with sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is one of the most important do cold made soap raw material, sodium hydroxide is graded on a scale of. Can be roughly divided into: “Industrial” and “reagent grade” (chemically pure, analytical grade).
“Industrial” and “reagent grade” the biggest difference is that the purity of sodium hydroxide, “reagent grade” purity sodium than the “industrial grade” purity higher average “industrial-grade” purity of more than 98% or more low, “reagent grade” can reach more than 99%; reagent grade containing less as comparison does not affect other substances such as iron, magnesium, chlorine, aluminum, potassium, nitrogen, arsenic, sulfuric acid, sodium carbonate, and the use of such the result of a chemical reaction, while with more than the industrial materials.
When dissolved sodium hydroxide, “reagent grade” is also less likely to have a taste of the nose; Moreover, the higher the purity, the price will be relatively more expensive.
Major principle is that what level are possible, do not care about the cost of this point, on the selection of high-purity “reagent grade”, chemically pure, analytical grade can be, if you want to reduce costs on the selection of lower purity “industrial grade “when calculating the impure part of the conversion.
Typically laboratory reagent grade chemicals, high purity chemical pure, AR, high analytical grade purity. Choose a different chemical reagent grade depending on the experimental requirements, of course, the higher the level the higher the price.
Industrial grade is using the supply industry. But industrial necessarily bad, such as NaOH bulk materials in use, generally have a high purity, up to 99%. Most of the remaining impurities of less than 1% of the salt. Affect the rest of the trace elements on the soap is minimal.
Of course, not suitable for industrial micro-analysis instrument using trace amounts of impurities may lead to the failure analysis, but the synthetic soap soap is not a problem.
Importantly, the purity of NaOH must be confirmed in order to facilitate the correct measurement, many packing, must be aware of their content, not to make excessive irritation arising NaOH or NaOH to increase the amount insufficient to make the finished product less prone to rancidity of saponification problems. comparison, oil is even more important choice. Soaps because many people are used to add other substances, the purity is worse, this can be a need to care about 1-2% NaOH impurities. Industrial-grade NaOH cheap and there is no problem to use, so do levels of NaOH using this soap on it.
1 g of water was added a (or a mL) in a flask, weighed and b g of anhydrous copper sulfate (for a sufficient amount) In a separate flask
2, a certain quality of this solid was dissolved in a NaOH g of water
3, the resulting solution was passed through an appropriate amount (not excessive, so as to produce sodium bicarbonate) of the dried carbon dioxide
4, take the obtained product was heated to evaporate water (plus port flask stopper hole)
5, the evaporated water vapor pass into the original weighed b g of anhydrous copper sulfate until the solution evaporated until the original
6, weighed absorbent becomes blue copper weight, set c g
If cb> a description of the water generated during the reaction.
