1 as quality improver, improve food complexing metal ions, pH, ionic strength increased role, thereby improving food and water holding capacity knot efforts. Chinese regulations can be used for cheese, maximum use of 5g/kg; in ham, meat, fish, shrimp and crab in the maximum usage is 3.0g/kg; Maximum amount of canned food, fruit juice, soft drinks and dairy products to 0.5g / kg. [1]
2, is used in the chemical, textile, printing and dyeing, paper, power generation and other industries in soft water and detergent, boiler scale inhibitor, paper dyed in soft water, pH buffering agents produce glossy paper with adhesive, when printing fixing agent, mercerized fabric enhancer-line anti-brittle agent. Metallurgical industry as a chemical degreasing, decontamination, used as a photographic developing solution excellent accelerator. Bottle tooth cleaners and detergents. Rubber latex coagulant. Juice purification agent. Phosphate from quality improvement role in food processing, for example, keep the water holding capacity of meat, such as efforts to enhance the role of the junction in order to reduce the loss of nutrients in meat and meat tenderizer preservation of the meat products. In food processing is also used as an emulsifier, nutritional supplements, quality improver. Food preparation surface is alkaline materials, also used in the manufacture of refined sugar and α-starch. Also used as a food bottles, cans and other detergents. [3]
3, solid trisodium phosphate (TSP) are weak alkali salts, with a strong alkaline and high solubility, chemically stable, long-term preservation, the containment spray system (EAS) spray water added TSP substitute NaOH, able to adjust the pH of the spray solution, effectively removing the release of cooling water to leak from the containment iodine gas to avoid alkali injury to staff, easy to clean up after the accident.
Glyphosate use
Is a non-selective, non-residual Herbicide for weed roots is very effective for many years, is widely used in rubber, mulberry, tea, fruit orchards and sugar cane.
Toxicity
Low toxicity of glyphosate herbicide, original powder acute oral LD50 of 4300 mg / kg, rabbit acute dermal LD50> 5000 mg / kg. Rabbit eyes and skin with mild stimulating effect on guinea pig skin allergies and irritation. Glyphosate is not accumulated in the animal body. Under the experimental conditions of the animals no teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. Fish and aquatic toxicity is low; non-toxic to bees and birds; against predators and beneficial organisms safer. Pure white solid solubility in water is 1.2% (25 degrees Celsius). Low toxicity to humans and animals. The acute oral LD50 in rats is 4320 mg / kg, rabbit percutaneous LD50> 7940 mg / kg. Low toxicity to fish. In the case of human ingestion of glyphosate usually within 15 minutes after oral administration might produce vomiting and throat pain phenomenon, then another may produce abdominal pain and diarrhea. Symptoms usually dose more than 100 ml obvious. Emetic poisoning can come through detoxification, but only to relieve symptoms by lifting a variety of conditions.
History: The herbicidal properties of glyphosate in 1971 by the American DD Baird discovered, developed and produced by the Monsanto Company, to the 1980s, has become an important species in the world herbicides. Poor water solubility of glyphosate, is difficult to directly use, because the initial development of technology is limited, do not come directly glyphosate can make pesticide products dissolved in water, then you want to be formulated as isopropylamine salt of glyphosate processed, potassium salts of glyphosate salt or sodium salt is dissolved in water before use, in order to make herbicides in agriculture and forestry can be used. In 1997, Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Nantong Flying development made glyphosate products directly dissolved in water, the successful invention of the “mixed direct dissolution method”, using the company’s independent development of plant-derived additives (SD, SDP) and glyphosate phosphine physically mixing the original drug as a powder, granules, can be dissolved in water.
According to Global Research news, new scientific studies have confirmed that Monsanto (MON) of Roundup product is toxic, threatening human and animal body. Recent studies in the U.S. and the German side pointed out that glyphosate has significant toxicity, reflected in: so the Mavericks aging skeletal abnormalities, affecting the normal intestinal probiotics pigs and cattle but no harmful effects on human and animal intestinal botulism resulting colonies poisoning (reference paper Glyphosate linked to botulism and other animal health problems), so that the pig stomach deformity, abnormal increase of pig uterus, causing miscarriage rate was significantly improved livestock and so on. Domestic studies suggest that, in 2006, after domestic unusually frequent unexplained “swine fever” is likely to be genetically modified maize and the use of genetically modified corn produced in the feed contains a lot of glyphosate herbicide caused. Studies have pointed out that glyphosate itself is carcinogenic, harmful, so the EU glyphosate residues in drinking water, there are strict regulations. According to a study at the University of Leipzig, Germany, conducted in December 2011, in a test batch of urine samples by the Berlin urban residents, all samples were found residues of glyphosate residue levels higher than the standard water within the EU food out 5-20 times proves glyphosate in the human food chain constantly residue accumulation. So there are currently recommended to completely disable glyphosate. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA also preparing an announcement to plans decide whether to continue to use this product, or use restrictions to take part in 2015, and currently it is the Canadian authorities to cooperate intends to evaluate the safety and effectiveness. EPA also pointed out in a written statement, will this harm to conduct a comprehensive re-evaluation of herbicides, including the impact on humans and the environment.
Resistant to glyphosate (Glyphosate) transgenic plants is due to the transfer of the screening culture medium containing glyphosate glyphosate-resistant EPSP synthase (5 – enolpyruvylshikimate 3 – phosphate synthase) of E. coli gene, the enzyme is an important amino acid metabolic enzymes, and transgenic plants having a higher concentration of the enzyme can tolerate a higher concentration of glyphosate.
In the United States, glyphosate abuse has produced a considerable number of “super weeds”, until now, appeared in the United States a total of 130 kinds of glyphosate-resistant harm grass, in more than 40 states have appeared in their shadow, than any one countries, experts estimate that harm the grass up to the invasion of the area 11 million acres (about 4.5 million hectares), a serious threat to the U.S. agricultural output. January 2011, the famous plant pathologist in a letter to the Ministry of Agriculture Secretariat letter warned that some of the tests show that the use of glyphosate and some, such as pigs, cattle and other livestock spontaneous abortions and infertility phenomenon. In 2010, Argentine scientists conducting the study also pointed out that the results that glyphosate causes malformations frog and chick embryos. Some other researchers from the private and official also found that this product will damage native creatures, plants, and part of the animal. 2008 environmental organizations – the Center for Biological Diversity will hurt California red-legged frog glyphosate regarding litigation, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA subsequently admitted that “this product is likely to have an adverse impact on these frogs.” There are a number of organizations to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA also issued a number of toxicity data, including teratogenicity and other evidence in order to disable this product worldwide.
The impact on the human body
Glyphosate usually within 15 minutes after oral administration might produce vomiting and throat pain phenomenon, then another may produce abdominal pain and diarrhea. Symptoms usually dose more than 100 ml obvious. Emetic poisoning can come through detoxification, but only to relieve symptoms by lifting a variety of conditions.
Note: glyphosate (in transgenic soybeans and other products have residual) and hexane (present in chemical leaching into the legal system of refined vegetable oils) may be associated with congenital heart disease and other congenital malformation.
Formulations
30% 46% water, 30%, 50% and 65%, 70% soluble powder. 74.7%, 88.8% glyphosate soluble granules and 98%, 95% glyphosate.
Crop object
Tea – annual weeds and perennial weed
Tea – annual weeds, perennial weed, weed
Spring corn – inter-row weed, weed
Spring corn field – between the lines weeds, annual and perennial weeds
Preserved vegetable oil – annual weeds, perennial weeds, weeds
Fire Barrier, Forest Fire Road – perennial weeds, weeds, miscellaneous irrigation
Non-cultivated land – perennial weeds, weeds between the lines, annual weeds, weeds
Cane – annual weeds and perennial weed, weed
Sugar cane fields – inter-row weed, annual and perennial weeds
Citrus – annual and perennial weeds, weeds
Citrus trees, apple trees – Weed
Citrus groves, apple orchards – perennial weeds, inter-row weed, annual weeds, weeds
Road, rail – between the lines weeds, annual and perennial weeds, weeds
Orchard – inter-row weed, annual weeds, perennial weed, weed
Sisal – weeds, annual weeds, perennial weed
Legendary – inter-row weed, weeds, annual weeds, perennial weed
Cotton – inter-row weed, weed
Cotton fields – annual and perennial weeds
Rubber plantation, Mulberry – inter-row weed, weeds, annual weeds, perennial weed
5 Purpose and usage
The original drug use: can be used for processing into 10% glyphosate, Glyphosate IPA 41%, 62% Glyphosate IPA.
Preparation purposes:
Uptake and broad-spectrum Herbicide. The main body of alcohol inhibit plant shikimene acetone-based phosphate synthase, thereby inhibiting the conversion shikimene to phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, the protein synthesis is disturbed, leading to plant death.
Originally used in rubber plantations controlling thatch and other weeds, make tapping rubber trees a year earlier, the old rubber tree production. Now gradually extended in forestry, orchards, mulberry, tea, rice and wheat, rice and rapeseed rotation etc.. Various weeds different sensitivity to glyphosate, which is different dosage. Such as barnyardgrass, green foxtail, foxtail, goosegrass, crabgrass, cleavers and other annual weeds, the dosage of the active ingredient is counted as 6 ~ 10.5 g/100m. On Plantago, small canadensis, etc. Dayflower dosage as an active ingredient for the 11.4 ~ 15g/100m. On Imperata, bony grass, reeds, etc. need 18 ~ 30g/100m, generally water 3 ~ 4.5kg, directed spray evenly on weed stems.
Usage:
Controlling apple orchard, Taoyuan, vineyards, pear, tea, mulberry and farmland fallow weed, barnyard weed, foxtail, goosegrass, crabgrass, cocklebur, pigweed, chickweed, cleavers and other annuals weeds.
Soda Ash Use
Sodium carbonate is an important chemical raw material, widely used in light industry and chemical, building materials, chemical industry, food industry, metallurgy, textile, oil, defense, medicine, raw materials for the manufacture of other chemicals, cleaning agents, detergents, but also for the field of photography and analysis. Followed by metallurgy, textile, oil, defense, pharmaceutical and other industries. Soda glass industry is the largest consumer sector, 0.2 tons of soda consumed per ton of glass.
In the soda ash industry, mainly light industry, building materials, chemical industry, accounting for about 2/3: followed by metallurgy, textile, oil, defense, pharmaceutical and other industries. Glass industry is the largest consumer of soda intake department, soda consumed per ton of glass 0.2t. Flux for smelting metallurgical industry, mineral flotation agent, steel and antimony used as a desulfurization agent. Dyeing industry as a water softener. Degreasing leather tanning industry for raw materials, and in chrome tanning and chrome tanning improved caustic degrees. Also for the production of synthetic detergents and other additives, sodium tripolyphosphate salt.
Flux for smelting metallurgical industry, mineral flotation agent, steel and antimony used as a desulfurization agent. ③ dyeing industry as a water softener. Degreasing leather tanning industry for raw materials, and in chrome tanning and chrome tanning improved caustic degrees. ④ synthetic detergent additives used in the production of sodium tripolyphosphate and other sodium salts. Soda ash is used to produce food grade monosodium glutamate, pasta and so on.
Most used in industry, a small portion of the civilian. In the soda ash industry, mainly light industry, building materials, chemical industry, accounting for about 2/3: followed by metallurgy, textile, oil, defense, pharmaceutical and other industries. Glass industry is the largest consumer of soda intake department, soda consumed per ton of glass 0.2t. The chemical industry for manufacturing sodium silicate, sodium dichromate, sodium nitrate, sodium fluoride, baking soda, borax, trisodium phosphate, etc. Flux for smelting metallurgical industry, mineral flotation agent, steel and antimony used as a desulfurization agent.
Mainly used for float glass, CRT glass, optical glass. Can also be used in other sectors of chemical, metallurgy and so on. You can reduce the use of heavy soda ash alkali dust flying, reduce material consumption, improve working conditions, but also to improve product quality, while reducing erosion of the refractory base powder to extend the life of the furnace.
As buffers, neutralizers and dough improvers, can be used for pastries and pastas, according to production needs to be used in moderation.
Basic chemical raw material, widely used in medicine, papermaking, metallurgy, glass, textile and dye industries.
As for wool washing detergent, bath salts and pharmaceutical use, tanning alkali agent.
For the food industry, as a neutralizing agent, leavening agents, such as the manufacture of amino acids, soy foods such as bread and pasta, bread and so on. Also dubbed lye added pasta, increase flexibility and scalability.
TV special reagents
Widely used in glass, chemicals, paper making, metallurgy, pharmaceutical, textile and food industries
Reagents for the analysis, but also for the pharmaceutical industry and photoengraving
Anhydrous sodium carbonate for chemical and electrochemical degreasing rust, copper plating, etching aluminum electrolytic polishing, aluminum and alloys, aluminum oxide chemical, phosphating closed between processes, electrolytic chromium stripping chrome plating and stripping the oxide film, is also used for pre-copper plating, steel, steel alloy plating electrolyte
One of the important basic chemical raw materials, widely used, glass, soaps, detergents, textiles, leather, spices, dyes, medicines, etc.
Acid in the calibration reference quantitative analysis. Determination of aluminum, sulfur, copper, lead and zinc. Urine and blood glucose testing. Analysis of silica cement cosolvent. Metal microstructure analysis
Antacid, osmotic laxatives.
Consumption
Building materials, glass industry is the largest consumer of soda ash sector, 0.2 tons of soda consumed per ton of glass.
Chemical industry, for manufacturing sodium silicate, sodium dichromate, sodium nitrate, sodium fluoride, baking soda, borax, trisodium phosphate, etc.
Metallurgical industry, for smelting flux, mineral flotation agent, steel and antimony used as a desulfurization agent
Printing and dyeing industry, as a water softener.
Tanning industry, skim for raw hides, middle and chrome-tanned leather and chrome tanning improved caustic degrees.
Terms of days, for the production of synthetic detergents and other additives, sodium tripolyphosphate salt.
Food industry, food grade soda ash used to produce monosodium glutamate, pasta and so on.
Furthermore, in the field of laboratory analysis, quantitative analysis of the reference calibration acid. Determination of aluminum, sulfur, copper, lead and zinc. Urine and blood glucose testing. Analysis of silica flux cement, metal microstructure analysis.
Consumption Structure
Substantially all sodium used in industry, a small portion of the civilian.
In industry, soda ash is mainly light industry, building materials, chemical industry, accounting for about 2/3; followed by metallurgy, textile, oil, defense, pharmaceutical and other industries, accounting for about 1/3.
Caustic soda main purpose
Highly versatile. Used in the manufacture of pulp, soap, dyes, artificial silk, aluminum, petroleum refining, cotton finishing, purified coal tar products, and food processing, wood processing and machinery industry and so on.
Chemistry experiment
In addition to the reagents used outside, because it has a strong absorbent and deliquescent, but also used as an alkaline desiccant. [3] can also be absorbed acid gases (such as oxygen in the combustion of sulfur in the experiment, sodium hydroxide solution to the absorption of toxic sulfur dioxide into the bottle.)
Industrial
Sodium hydroxide is widely applied in the national economy, many industrial sectors require sodium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide is the most used chemicals in the manufacturing sector, followed by paper, aluminum smelting, refining tungsten, rayon, rayon and soap manufacturing. Further, in the production of dyes, plastics, pharmaceutical and organic intermediates, reproducing the old rubber, metal sodium, water and inorganic salt electrolysis production, preparation of borax, chromium, manganese, phosphate, etc., but also the use of a lot of soda. [5]
Chemical Industry
This determines the characteristics of the product of sodium hydroxide in a number of chemical reactions are important and indispensable substances. Sodium hydroxide is the production of polycarbonate, a super absorbent polymer, zeolite, epoxy, sodium sulfite and a lot of important raw materials sodium.
Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acids by hydrolysis of oil; soft, saturated fatty acids are stearic acid, the hydrolysis of fats.
If potassium hydroxide hydrolysis of the resulting soap is soft.
Sodium chloride was added to the solution may reduce the solubility of the fatty acid salt and separating the fatty acid salts, a process called salting. Salts of higher fatty acid soap is the main component, the process can be obtained by the filler bar soaps.
Saponification
The main components of fats and vegetable oils are triglycerides, alkaline solution of its equations are:
R groups may be different, but the resulting R-COONa can make soap. R-common are:
C17H33-: 8 – heptadecenyl. R-COOH is oleic acid.
C15H31-: n-pentadecyl. Palmitic acid R-COOH.
C17H35-: n-heptadecyl. R-COOH is stearic acid.
Carbon dioxide gas absorption
Neutral, alkaline CO ₂ gas is mixed with the following reaction impurity
CO ₂ +2 NaOH = Na ₂ CO ₃ + H ₂ O
Papermaking
Sodium hydroxide plays an important role in the paper industry. Because of the basic characteristics, which is used for cooking and bleaching process of the sheet.
Food Industry
Sodium hydroxide can be widely used for the following production process: cleaning container; starch processing; preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose; glutamate manufacturing process.
Water
Sodium hydroxide is widely used in water treatment. In sewage treatment plants, water hardness can reduce the sodium hydroxide by neutralization. In the industrial field, the ion exchange resin is regenerated catalyst regeneration. Sodium hydroxide is highly alkaline and has a relatively high water solubility. As the liquid caustic soda, so easy to measure the amount is convenient to use in various fields of water treatment.
Sodium hydroxide is used in the treatment of the following subject areas: the elimination of water hardness; adjust pH of the water; wastewater neutralization; regeneration of ion exchange resin; elimination by precipitation of heavy metal ions in water.
Man-made fibers and textiles
In the textile industry, and the sodium hydroxide is used for final treatment of the dyed fiber. Main purpose: silk rayon treatment
Metallurgy
Sodium hydroxide is used for processing bauxite, the bauxite containing alumina, i.e. aluminum metal present in the alumina. Aluminum (the world’s second most used on the metal. Sodium hydroxide is also used in the production of zinc alloys and zinc ingots.
Cleaning Products
Sodium hydroxide has been used in traditional life purpose, until today, soap, soap and other types of detergent demand for caustic soda is still accounted for about 15% of caustic soda.
Soap: soap is the oldest and most caustic widely used in the manufacturing process of soap, caustic soda is used to neutralize acids.
Detergent: Sodium hydroxide is used in the production of various detergents or detergent are also now manufactured out of a multitude of caustic soda, caustic soda is used for the vulcanization reaction and excess fuming sulfuric acid for neutralization.
Aspects of life
In food production, processed food hydroxide is sometimes used.
Note: At this point the use of sodium hydroxide is strictly controlled; while some unscrupulous traders are excessive use of sodium hydroxide so that the food is more “nice”, but such food can cause disease.
Storage and transportation
Solid sodium hydroxide into the 0.5 mm thick steel drums strict closure, barrel weight does not exceed 100 kilograms; bags or two-story brown paper bag full open or in open drums; threaded glass Glass Lid pressure bottles, plastic bottles or metal (cans) outside the ordinary wooden box; threaded glass, plastic bottles or tinplate barrels (LP), full floor grille boxes, fibreboard or plywood box; tinplate barrels (cans), metal (cans), plastic bottles or corrugated metal hose outside. To complete packaging containers, seal, there is a clear “corrosive substance” signs. Railway transportation, steel drums available gondola transport. When complete packaging to shipment, loading should be safe. During transport to ensure that the container does not leak, did not fall, do not fall, no damage, moisture and rain. If found to occur containers corrosion, cracking, when the holes, melting Tangshui so on, should immediately replace the use of the packaging or early delivery, container repair damaged solder available. With no flammable or combustible materials, acids, food chemicals mixed mixed operation. Transport transport vehicles should be equipped with spill response equipment. Shall not flammable and acids during storage or shipment.
Soap choose reagent grade or industrial grade with sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is one of the most important do cold made soap raw material, sodium hydroxide is graded on a scale of. Can be roughly divided into: “Industrial” and “reagent grade” (chemically pure, analytical grade).
“Industrial” and “reagent grade” the biggest difference is that the purity of sodium hydroxide, “reagent grade” purity sodium than the “industrial grade” purity higher average “industrial-grade” purity of more than 98% or more low, “reagent grade” can reach more than 99%; reagent grade containing less as comparison does not affect other substances such as iron, magnesium, chlorine, aluminum, potassium, nitrogen, arsenic, sulfuric acid, sodium carbonate, and the use of such the result of a chemical reaction, while with more than the industrial materials.
When dissolved sodium hydroxide, “reagent grade” is also less likely to have a taste of the nose; Moreover, the higher the purity, the price will be relatively more expensive.
Major principle is that what level are possible, do not care about the cost of this point, on the selection of high-purity “reagent grade”, chemically pure, analytical grade can be, if you want to reduce costs on the selection of lower purity “industrial grade “when calculating the impure part of the conversion.
Typically laboratory reagent grade chemicals, high purity chemical pure, AR, high analytical grade purity. Choose a different chemical reagent grade depending on the experimental requirements, of course, the higher the level the higher the price.
Industrial grade is using the supply industry. But industrial necessarily bad, such as NaOH bulk materials in use, generally have a high purity, up to 99%. Most of the remaining impurities of less than 1% of the salt. Affect the rest of the trace elements on the soap is minimal.
Of course, not suitable for industrial micro-analysis instrument using trace amounts of impurities may lead to the failure analysis, but the synthetic soap soap is not a problem.
Importantly, the purity of NaOH must be confirmed in order to facilitate the correct measurement, many packing, must be aware of their content, not to make excessive irritation arising NaOH or NaOH to increase the amount insufficient to make the finished product less prone to rancidity of saponification problems. comparison, oil is even more important choice. Soaps because many people are used to add other substances, the purity is worse, this can be a need to care about 1-2% NaOH impurities. Industrial-grade NaOH cheap and there is no problem to use, so do levels of NaOH using this soap on it.
1 g of water was added a (or a mL) in a flask, weighed and b g of anhydrous copper sulfate (for a sufficient amount) In a separate flask
2, a certain quality of this solid was dissolved in a NaOH g of water
3, the resulting solution was passed through an appropriate amount (not excessive, so as to produce sodium bicarbonate) of the dried carbon dioxide
4, take the obtained product was heated to evaporate water (plus port flask stopper hole)
5, the evaporated water vapor pass into the original weighed b g of anhydrous copper sulfate until the solution evaporated until the original
6, weighed absorbent becomes blue copper weight, set c g
If cb> a description of the water generated during the reaction.
4A zeolite MSDS
1,4A zeolite
Formula Na12AL12Si12O48 · 27H2O, skeleton-like three-dimensional structure of silicon oxide and aluminum compound represented by the tetrahedron composed of a cubic crystal, the cell center is a hole diameter of 1.14A, which consists of an 8-membered ring and a 6-phase similar holes connected together, consisting of a hole diameter of this 8-membered ring structure formed of 4.12A, it is known as 4A zeolite. Its traditional method of synthesis methods are sodium silicate, activated clay Law, Law bentonite, kaolin law and gangue law. Water glass method mature technology, easy to control, but the high cost. Activated clay and bentonite Law Act need to add aluminum source, high cost, and equipment to corrosion. Kaolin is the use of method and gangue method consistent with the ratio of the alumina-silica zeolite 4A characteristics to convert it to a reactive metakaolin, and subjected to hydrothermal crystallization of zeolite is made in the conversion reaction of aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, but this raw ore roasting process requires high temperatures, large energy consumption, while the environment will also have some degree of contamination.
It is a non-toxic, odorless, tasteless and better mobility white powder, with a strong calcium ion exchange capacity, environmental pollution, is an ideal alternative to sodium tripolyphosphate phosphorus detergent additives, surface adsorption ability, is the ideal adsorbent and desiccant.
2, Nature
White solids. Movement network-like structure, containing a uniform orifice diameter 0.42nm, the specific surface area of about 600m2 / R, insoluble in water and organic solvents, can be dissolved in alkali and acid. Heated above 800 ℃, the re-formation of white crystalline silica-like structure. Adsorption of water, liquid, gas and the unsaturated organic substance. Exchange capacity for calcium ions, the theoretical exchange capacity of 352CaCO3mg / g, typically 290 ~ 320mgCaCO3 / g, whiteness ≥ 95%, pH value of 10 to 11.5, the apparent density of 0.3 ~ 0.5g/cm3, an average particle diameter of 2μm particle size distribution ≤ 4μm accounted for more than 85%. Phosphorus detergent additives used in place of sodium tripolyphosphate; oil and other industrial gases and liquids as drying, dehydration and purification, as catalysts and also soft water.
Taurine contribution to human
1, protect the retina
Taurine accounted for 50% of the total free amino acids in the retina, animal experiments show that the lack of taurine cat whose ERG rod cells and cone cells display a wide range of variability.
After concentration to promote the development of the fetal central nervous system, the brain tissue was significantly higher than in, indicating the development of the central nervous system of taurine, such as proliferation, migration and differentiation of cells play a role.
2, the role of myocardial protection
Taurine has enhanced the role of cardiac contractility. Digoxin can cause cardiac arrhythmia confrontation, which may taurine membrane permeability and the role of ion flow, the maintenance of intracellular calcium ion concentration. There taurine improve myocardial hypoxia tolerance.
3, anti-oxidation
Taurine maintains many cells, especially blood cells antioxidant activity, so that tissue from oxidative base damage and free radicals.
4, promote immune function
Taurine improves cellular immune phagocytosis, and promote the role of immunoglobulin produced.
5, to promote digestion and absorption of lipids
Taurine and taurocholic acid combined into, involved in digestion and absorption of lipids.
Taurine has reduced platelet aggregation, with enhanced sperm motility and increase the activity of insulin and so on.
The main purpose of Succinic Acid
Mainly for the preparation of succinic anhydride five heterocyclic compound.
Also for the preparation of the alkyd resin (alkyd resin produced by the acid has good flex, flexibility and water resistance.), Paints, dyes (diphenyl succinate dye intermediates, and aminoanthracene after generating anthraquinone dyes quinone reaction.), food flavoring agent (acid can also be used as an acidulant wine, feed, candy and other seasonings.), photographic materials.
The pharmaceutical industry can use it to produce sulfa drugs, vitamin A, vitamin B and other anticonvulsants, loose phlegm, diuretics and drugs to stop bleeding. Chemical reagents used for the standard method of alkali reagents, buffers, GC comparison samples. Also useful as a lubricant material and surfactant.
Used for synthesis of organic materials. Purpose: succinic acid has been identified as the U.S. FDA GRAS (generally recognized as safe), which makes it possible for multiple purposes. It is the citric acid cycle (TCA) intermediates, but also one of succinic acid fermentation product of anaerobic metabolism is widely used in medicine, pesticides, dyes, perfumes, paints, food, plastics and other industries, as well as compounds C4 Platform , synthesis of some important chemical products, such as butanediol, tetrahydrofuran, γ-butyrolactone, n-methylpyrrolidone (NMD), 2 – pyrrolidone, market demand world Over 276000 t / a in addition, succinic acid also. used to synthesize biologically degradable polymers such as polybutylene succinate (PBS) and a polyamide, which makes the high market demand succinic 27000000t / a.
Market: Currently, sales of industrial-grade succinic acid over 15,000 t, largely through the petrochemical law, from butane through maleic anhydride production. Only food market succinic acid is produced by fermentation. The new fermentation process to make succinic acid
Succinate
Succinate
Sales price down to $ 2.20 / kg (annual 5000t); year when production was 75,000 t, its selling price will be less than $ 0.55 / kg, this price can open a new commercialization of succinic acid chemicals market. U.S. Department of Energy has invested $ 7 million study of succinic acid fermentation for the production of industrial, succinate there are four major markets: the largest market as surfactants, detergents additives and foaming agent; Second Market as ion chelating agent used in the electroplating industry to prevent metal corrosion and pitting; third markets as acidifiers in the food industry, PH conditioner, flavor and antimicrobial agents; fourth market and health-related products, including pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, amino acids and vitamins production. The total of these four markets succinic over four hundred million U.S. dollars per year.
1 succinic acid can inhibit the passive and active cutaneous anaphylaxis, and can reduce animal serum IgE antibody formation
2 of succinic acid on the cobra venom in mice showed a protective effect
Sorbic acid main features
1 good antifungal effect. Sorbic acid and potassium benzoate was significantly higher than mildew and salt, potassium sorbate antifungal effect is 5-10 times sodium benzoate. Sorbic acid dosage is generally between 0.2-1.0 g / kg.
2. Products with low toxicity and high safety. Sorbate toxicity benzoate only 1/4. Salt 1/2. Potassium sorbate and safe use in humans ranges: the amount per kg of body weight per day is not more than 25 mg.
3 does not change food characteristics. Sorbic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid into the body, the body’s metabolic processes involved, the metabolic products of carbon dioxide and water. So, sorbic acid can be seen as part of the food, in food applications, not undermine food color, smell, taste and nutrients.
4. Broad range of applications. Sorbic acid and potassium can be used for beverages, wine, spices, meat, aquatic products, pickles and other food preservative among fresh fruits and also have an effect.
5. Easy to use. When using sorbic acid and potassium salt can be added directly, or can be sprayed or impregnated. It is because of its use of flexible features, so the FAO, the World Health Organization, the United States, Britain, Japan and China, Southeast Asian countries, sorbic acid and potassium are recommended as a variety of food preservative.
Sodium selenite MSDS
Physical and chemical properties
White crystal or crystalline powder, soluble in water, soluble in ethanol. M.p. 350 ℃. Highly toxic, orally one gram can be lethal, LD50 (rat oral) is 7mg/kg. In case of a reducing agent to precipitate elemental selenium.
2 Preparation and sources
(1) and by the selenite and sodium hydroxide salt in the system.
(2) reaction of selenium and selenium oxide, nitrate, and sodium selenite then generate action, dried, ground finished.
3 Uses
Do nutritional supplements. Test for alkaloids and red glass, glazes formulated.
Sodium Saccharin harmful effects
Use role
Widely used in the following industries:
1, Food: general cold drinks, beverages, jellies, popsicles, pickles, preserves, pastries, fruits, protein and sugar. Used in the food industry and for sweetening diabetic diet, the widespread use of synthetic sweet ignorant agent. [3]
2, feed additives: pig feed, sweet, etc.
3, daily chemical industry: toothpaste, mouthwash, eye drops, etc.
4, electroplating industry: electroplating grade Sodium Saccharin is mainly used in nickel plating, is used as a brightener. Plus a small amount of sodium saccharin, the nickel plating can improve the brightness and softness. Average usage per liter of syrup with 0.1 – 0.3 g
Electroplating industry where a larger amount, total exports accounted for the majority of Chinese production.
Product hazards
Since 2005, saccharin in food applications significantly beyond the scope, excess phenomenon. Some manufacturers in order to reduce the cost of earning profits, in beverages, jellies and even preserved exclusively for consumption by children and other foods, the widespread use of harmful useless saccharin instead of sugar, but not on food labels to make any express or dubbed “protein sugar “,” sweet treasure “and reputation to cover up the fact that the use of saccharin, damage to the health of consumers, a serious violation of the consumer’s right to know, has attracted the close attention of the community and consumers.
Saccharin chemical name orthobenzoyl imide, market sales of goods of saccharin is actually soluble sodium o-benzoyl imide, referred to sodium saccharin. Sodium Saccharin is about 300 to 550 times the sweetness of sugar, so the solution one hundred thousandth of that sweet sense of bitterness will appear after high concentrations.
The main raw material for the manufacture of saccharin toluene, chlorine acid, o-toluidine, etc., are all petrochemical products. Toluene volatile and burning, and even cause an explosion, a high intake can cause acute poisoning the body, harmful to human health; chlorine acid decomposition of highly absorbent hydrogen chloride gas, harmful and explosive; saccharin production process intermediate substances on human health are also hazards. Saccharin in the production process but also serious environmental pollution. In addition, some small inflow of medium and small privately saccharin factory towns, rural markets saccharin, but also because the process is rough, the process is not complete and other reasons which contain heavy metals, ammonia compounds, arsenic and other debris. Their long-term retention in the body, accumulation, to varying degrees, affect human health.
As the consumption of saccharin detrimental to human health, so some western developed countries have strict controls on the use of saccharin and its control standards is generally not more than 5% of the total consumption of sugar, and is mainly used in toothpaste and other industrial uses. In China, compared with developed countries, the use of saccharin amount exceeds 14 times the normal usage. More experts warned that the second half of 1999, the National Sugar sweetener market share has up to 55% to 60% of the total market share, severe crowding share sucrose.
2 kg saccharine sweetness due to the equivalent of 1000 kg of sugar, according to market
Sodium Saccharin packaging
Sodium Saccharin packaging
Rigby calculated that 60 to 70 per saccharin, can replace sugar 3,000 yuan. As a result, some enterprises in order to chase profits in the production of beverages and processed foods during excessive, beyond the scope of the use of saccharin, but the food and beverage labels do not indicate containing saccharin and its real content, so consumers have the misconception that eating the sugar damages the health of consumers, but also a serious violation of the consumer’s right to know.
Especially in a small number of consumers do not know saccharin hazardous situation, a short time to eat a lot of saccharin, cause, etc., causing acute thrombocytopenia and bleeding, multiple organ damage, triggering a vicious poisoning.
On China’s vast market of small towns and rural areas, the use of saccharin has reached flood stage. According to the China Consumers’ Association survey recently on the domestic beverage nearly 100 different grades, types of shows that the whole country is concerned, there are about 61.2 percent of the drinks contain various types of sweeteners, refined sugary drinks which reached 55.1%; 23.5% of drinks but did not indicate the use of saccharin in the label in production; especially in small towns and rural markets, beverages containing up to 90.9% saccharin, saccharin rampant shocking.
In the primary school snacks, saccharin can not be ignored. In some primary and secondary schools around throughout a variety of small food stalls selling all kinds of snack foods and beverages, such as soft drinks, ice cream, plum and so on. These values are not high, small food and drinks, it is easy to attract schoolchildren to buy. However, neither of these production standards and did not identify and source products, basically contain saccharin, long-term consumption will lead young people to malnutrition, anorexia behavior of individuals, interferes with the normal dietary intake of adolescent nutrition, adolescent body negative impact on growth.
To this end, China Consumers Association issued a solemn warning: draw the relevant departments to formulate more stringent requirements saccharin use and further strengthen the management of food labeling; appeal to the majority of food manufacturers do not blind pursuit of profit because of one-sided use of saccharin, harm consumers health, and clearly indicate the state allows the use of products containing saccharin saccharin so that the consumer’s information; to safeguard the legitimate interests of consumers; remind consumers establish a good concept of consumption, eat more natural sugars in the purchase of food and when you drink, carefully read the product label, try to choose never sugary refined foods, buy reputable commodity; also reminded parents of the students to educate their children, and resolutely resist the campus around the “three noes” small food and beverages to conducive to the healthy growth of young people.